[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/id/article/2068881283027415040":3,"/v1/social/getSocialPlatformList___id":8,"/article/2068881283027415040___id___BLOG_POST":49,"/v1/website_terms_settings/list-all___id":76,"/admin_advice/get-by-permalink___id":91,"/admin_advice/list_time___id":106},{"code":4,"message":5,"timestamp":6,"data":5,"success":7},"0",null,"2026-07-04 16:43:22",true,{"code":4,"message":5,"timestamp":6,"data":9,"success":7},[10,21,28,34,42],{"id":11,"name":12,"svgImage":13,"mediaId":14,"alt":15,"svgImageColours":13,"url":16,"isHide":17,"createBy":11,"createDate":18,"updateBy":19,"updateDate":20},1,"email","https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/29f7ce21940f4482bcad460c78b333b2.png",82,"s","sdfasfwea@qq.com",0,1760508292449,160,1782900673167,{"id":22,"name":23,"svgImage":24,"mediaId":5,"alt":5,"svgImageColours":25,"url":26,"isHide":17,"createBy":11,"createDate":18,"updateBy":11,"updateDate":27},2,"facebook","https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/0911a812ca594df4abaf8e251cdbc79f.webp","https://hl-file.8kds.com/user/2063192546762428416.svg","https://www.facebook.com/people/Holinkdigitalsolusi-Holink/pfbid0uwTYocZaZT8RFPikTPyTU6wKaAa8zm9C44LqjMMpSwtEAnMk1LkkBuPyYnLgCMS3l/",1764150150048,{"id":29,"name":30,"svgImage":31,"mediaId":5,"alt":5,"svgImageColours":32,"url":33,"isHide":17,"createBy":11,"createDate":18,"updateBy":11,"updateDate":18},3,"Instagram","https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/12fd7bcfe7cc4abb865c5076ac670041.webp","https://hl-file.8kds.com/user/2063193084358955008.svg","https://www.instagram.com/holink.id/saved/",{"id":35,"name":36,"svgImage":37,"mediaId":38,"alt":39,"svgImageColours":37,"url":40,"isHide":17,"createBy":11,"createDate":18,"updateBy":11,"updateDate":41},8,"TikTok","https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/3ee55f83ab1e49e89fef493b063efbdc.svg",48,"tiktok","https://tiktok.com",1781251475658,{"id":43,"name":44,"svgImage":45,"mediaId":5,"alt":5,"svgImageColours":46,"url":47,"isHide":17,"createBy":11,"createDate":18,"updateBy":11,"updateDate":48},12,"YouTuBe","https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/bd669d52601b45029c21bc4a0fe9a373.webp","https://hl-file.8kds.com/user/2063194653750071296.svg","http://youtube.com",1766563964000,{"code":4,"message":5,"timestamp":6,"data":50,"success":7},{"id":51,"parentId":52,"parentType":53,"tdk":54,"meta":58,"social":63,"advanced":68,"schemas":70,"jsonLdScripts":5,"langPermalinks":71,"createdAt":74,"updatedAt":75},"2068881283316822016","2068881283027415040","BLOG_POST",{"isAddToMetaTitle":55,"title":56,"keywords":57,"permalink":52,"description":57},false,"test","",{"labels":59},[60],{"label":61,"type":62,"keyName":57,"metaDescription":57},"标签1","name",{"facebook":64,"twitter":67},{"title":57,"description":57,"image":65,"imageMediaId":66},"https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/c1c4ebb888914360bfe288a2f1cb6582.jpeg",80,{"title":57,"description":57,"image":57,"imageMediaId":5,"useDataFromFacebook":7},{"robotsMeta":57,"canonicalUrl":69},"/id/article/2068881283027415040",[],[72],{"langCode":73,"permalink":52},"id",1782094710,1782973393,{"code":4,"message":5,"timestamp":6,"data":77,"success":7},[78,81,84,87],{"id":79,"type":11,"permalink":80},"2008091676899291136","cookie设置",{"id":82,"type":22,"permalink":83},"2008091993644773376","cn-privacy-policy",{"id":85,"type":29,"permalink":86},"2008092243876941824","terms-conditions3",{"id":88,"type":89,"permalink":90},"2026842754595823616",4,"refund-policy",{"code":4,"message":5,"timestamp":6,"data":92,"success":7},{"id":52,"author":93,"title":56,"content":94,"editPolicy":5,"contentSource":5,"classTypeId":95,"classTypeName":96,"publishStatus":11,"publishTime":74,"isHide":17,"sort":97,"coverImg":98,"createBy":11,"createDate":74,"updateBy":19,"updateDate":75,"pageTitle":5,"slug":5,"tagList":99,"authorAvatar":105,"authorBio":5},"Adhenda Madarina","{\"time\":1782973401422,\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"tGsubg9zKg\",\"type\":\"header\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"213123\",\"level\":1},\"tunes\":{\"alignmentTune\":{\"alignment\":\"left\"},\"headerNumberingTune\":{\"enabled\":false}}},{\"id\":\"T4FqLztZO7\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"123123\"},\"tunes\":{\"alignmentTune\":{\"alignment\":\"left\"}}},{\"id\":\"0oXXzj8XoI\",\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"阿萨德啊撒大声地快快快快快快咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔卡卡卡阿萨德啊撒大声地快快快快快快咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔卡卡卡阿萨德啊撒大声地快快快快快快咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔卡卡卡阿萨德啊撒大声地快快快快快快咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔卡卡卡阿萨德啊撒大声地快快快快快快咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔卡卡卡阿萨德啊撒大声地快快快快快快咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔卡卡卡阿萨德啊撒大声地快快快快快快咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔卡卡卡阿萨德啊撒大声地快快快快快快咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔卡卡卡阿萨德啊撒大声地快快快快快快咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔卡卡卡阿萨德啊撒大声地快快快快快快咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔卡卡卡阿萨德啊撒大声地快快快快快快咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔咔卡卡卡\"},\"tunes\":{\"alignmentTune\":{\"alignment\":\"left\"}}}],\"version\":\"2.31.6\"}",37,"1",11,"https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/a013069cd24a4928ad4223b75d7345b4.png",[100,103],{"id":101,"tagName":102,"tagNameEn":5,"tagNameZhCN":5,"tagNameId":5,"createDate":5,"createUserName":5},42,"Wawasan",{"id":38,"tagName":104,"tagNameEn":5,"tagNameZhCN":5,"tagNameId":5,"createDate":5,"createUserName":5},"teknologi","https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/213bab6259b94a99811730a8c04bfe6f.png",{"code":4,"message":5,"timestamp":6,"data":107,"success":7},{"records":108,"total":137,"size":29,"current":11,"orders":138,"searchCount":7,"pages":89},[109,121,129],{"id":110,"author":111,"title":112,"content":113,"classTypeId":114,"classTypeName":115,"publishTime":116,"coverImg":117,"pageTitle":5,"slug":5,"permalink":118,"authorAvatar":57,"authorBio":5,"createBy":119,"updateDate":120},"2073404428967931904","cmstest","test id","{\"time\":1783176371683,\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"cd29056c68\",\"type\":\"raw\",\"data\":{\"fallbackHtml\":\"\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAs leather boss Fabrizio Nuti heads up a lobbying blitz to dismantle EU’s deforestation law, a separate Paraguayan tannery he owns accepts it is likely still sourcing hides from deforested lands\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003eKey findings\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cul class=\\\"wp-block-list\\\"\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eFabrizio Nuti – head of Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessey (LVMH)-owned tannery group Nuti Ivo – is a key player in the leather lobby’s aggressive campaign to remove leather from the scope of the upcoming EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR)\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cli\\u003eLVMH deny lobbying to weaken the EUDR directly, but Nuti-led lobby groups UNIC and COTANCE have met with powerbrokers in EU institutions on average every other month in the last two years\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cli\\u003eNuti owns a separate Paraguayan tannery at high risk of purchasing hides from farms responsible for 111,000 hectares of deforestation (1,110km2) in the climate-crucial Gran Chaco forest, through purchases from meat giants Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cli\\u003eNuti’s Paraguayan tannery exports products to Italy that carry high risk of originating from deforested lands overlapping the territory of the Indigenous Ayoreo Totobiegosode People in the Chaco\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ul\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eHead of Louis Vuitton tannery leads fight to gut EU deforestation law\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/documents/1013/Head_of_Louis_Vuitton_tannery_leads_fight_to_gut_EU_deforestation_law.pdf\\\"\\u003eDownload Resource\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eThe EU deforestation law and its goals\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe European Union Deforestation Regulation (or “EUDR”) will\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM%3A4680738\\\"\\u003erequire companies\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;that place or import products driving deforestation – such as leather from cattle farms – onto the EU market to prove these products are legally produced and deforestation-free. Companies were initially given 18 months to prepare.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNow campaigners are fearful for the law’s future and integrity, with the regulation already\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/what-does-the-delay-to-the-eus-anti-deforestation-law-mean/\\\"\\u003edelayed by two years\\u003c/a\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eReports from inside the EU suggest the Commission may propose that hides used by the leather industry be removed from its scope entirely, despite cattle products including leather\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://trase.earth/insights/eu-s-deforestation-footprint-highlights-need-for-eudr\\\"\\u003erepresenting\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;more than 13% of the bloc’s deforestation footprint.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"luxury fashion bags made out of leather\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eLeather is beloved by the fashion industry, which it uses to manufacture high-end products like bags and shoes. Getty Images\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness can now reveal the extent of the lobbying by groups with strong ties to LVMH, exposing how Fabrizio Nuti – the head of LVMH subsidiary Nuti Ivo, a group of Tuscan tanneries – has worked systematically to discredit the law within EU institutions and Italy, as well as lobbying the Paraguayan President Santiago Peña.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eOur investigators found Mr Nuti has used his leadership roles in EU tannery unions to persuade the EU Commission to delay and weaken the EUDR – all while a Paraguay tannery he owns separately from Nuti Ivo is at high risk of purchasing hides from farms that have deforested large areas of Paraguay’s biodiverse and threatened\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/cash-cattle-and-the-gran-chaco-how-financiers-turned-a-blind-eye-to-paraguays-deforestation-crisis/\\\"\\u003eGran Chaco\\u003c/a\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti owns Paraguayan tannery Lecom/Parpelli, which purchases hides from companies Minerva Foods and Frigorífico Concepción. Global Witness has\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/the-price-of-beauty-popular-collagen-brands-drive-deforestation-and-rights-abuses-in-paraguay/\\\"\\u003epreviously exposed\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;these major players in the global cattle sector as sourcing from farms responsible for deforestation on land overlapping the territory of the Indigenous Ayoreo Totobiegosode.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIf Nuti’s lobbying succeeds in removing leather from the law, it would mean products from his Paraguayan tannery sourced from deforested areas or Ayoreo Totobiegosode lands could continue to be sold in the EU.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e“I believe that people who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day,” says Ayoreo leader Guede, who grew up in the area where cattle farms are moving in to clear forest.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eTrade data shows Lecom/Parpelli continues to supply Nuti Ivo’s Italian tanneries despite Nuti Ivo’s claim that they stopped sourcing from Paraguay in 2024.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Leather hides are hung to dry in an Italian tannery\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eHides are hung to dry in an Italian tannery. Italy has the largest tannery industry in the EU. Romano Cagnoni / Getty Images\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003ePrevious Global Witness analysis has suggested that the EUDR could\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/saving-a-forest-the-size-of-austria-the-first-ten-years-of-the-eudr/\\\"\\u003esave forests the size of Austria\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;in its first 10 years. A robust EU zero-deforestation law that includes leather is vital for the Gran Chaco’s future.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eParaguay has exported 400 million kilogrammes of raw and semi-processed hides to Italy since 2018, worth $266 million – showing a clear motive for the leather industry to maintain business as usual.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e“The challenge is difficult, but we will not give up”: How industry associations with links to LVMH are fighting to remove leather from the EUDR\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFabrizio Nuti is the President of Tuscan tannery group Nuti Ivo. Luxury goods house LVMH took a controlling stake in the company in 2023.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMr Nuti is also the President of the Italian tannery association UNIC as well as Vice President of pan-European leather association COTANCE.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti said in February 2026 that the EUDR represented “a very serious problem for our industry” and that he was “fighting” against it – saying “\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/conceria/nuti-unic-questa-e-la-nostra-nuova-sfida-e-dobbiamo-vincerla/\\\"\\u003ethe challenge is difficult, but we will not give up.”\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness’s analysis of lobbying registers demonstrates how intense UNIC and COTANCE’s lobbying efforts have been within the EU institutions since the introduction of the EUDR in Parliament in 2021.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\\u003e\\nhttps://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/iHkxG/13\\n\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAccording to EU Transparency Register disclosures, UNIC and COTANCE have spent a combined €1.5 million on lobbying activities inside the EU in the last five years. Although records do not disaggregate on which topics this money was spent, the EUDR was clearly a focus of their lobbying efforts.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWe found 16 meetings between UNIC or COTANCE that explicitly refer to the EUDR, deforestation, simplification or leather in the declared meeting title since 2021. Most of these meetings took place in 2025, when calls from members of the Commission to gut the EUDR increased.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC and COTANCE have petitioned Italian MEPS in the European Parliament, holding several meetings and events with far-right Italian MEPs Elena Donnazzan and Roberto Vannacci.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC subsequently hosted an event at the European Parliament called “Leather is a driver of deforestation? Let’s take the facts to the European parliament”, attended by\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/sostenibilita/deforestazione-tutti-al-parlamento-europeo-martedi-3-giugno/?fbclid=IwY2xjawQyLVlleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETFpWlFLVk1NWERKd3pTQ1pBc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQQMjIyMDM5MTc4ODIwMDg5MgABHp78tA1SC-v45f7x0_cnFR0eFpwHPmt3eBabcnLLbiMHBSHT6O4pVKSmRGeW_aem_DxcY2nfvyL68RrZlZZZ1jQ\\\"\\u003eSalvatore di Meo\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;from the right-wing Forza Italia party.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC and COTANCE also provided funding for a\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://eadd8vb9ax9.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/Full-Report-Analysis-of-the-effects-of-the-EUDR-on-the-European-leather-sector.pdf\\\"\\u003estudy\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;that concluded that leather does not drive deforestation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThis study has been a key lobbying tool for UNIC, which presented the\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/en/tannery/18-european-ministers-write-to-von-der-leyen-the-eudr-must-be-simplified/\\\"\\u003estudy’s findings to the European Parliament.\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;Yet other\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180092400185X#f0015\\\"\\u003epeer-reviewed\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;academic studies have drawn a clear link between leather and deforestation. Multiple NGOs, including Global Witness, have already criticised the study as\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.earthsight.org.uk/news/include-leather-eudr\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;a flawed, industry-commissioned report.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC’s lobbying has not only been confined to the EU. Nuti has met with the pro-agribusiness Paraguayan president Santiago Pena in Rome, quoting him as describing the EUDR as a\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://unic.it/en/articles/unic-incontra-il-presidente-del-paraguay/\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;burden for operators.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Paraguayan President Santiago Peña meeting Von Der Leyen in 2024. Peña has been an outspoken critic of the EUDR\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eParaguayan President Santiago Peña meeting Von Der Leyen in 2024. Peña has been an outspoken critic of the EUDR. Creative Commons\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC has also lobbied the Italian government.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAfter a meeting with Nuti, Italian Deputy Prime Minister Antonio Tajani\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://internationalleathermaker.com/italian-government-urges-eu-to-exclude-leather-from-eudr/\\\"\\u003ewrote\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;to EU Commission President Von der Leyen and Trade Commissioner Maroš Šefčovič calling for leather’s removal from the EUDR, calling it an “existential issue” for Italian tanneries.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eLVMH and lobbying on the Green Deal in the EU\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLVMH categorically denied any lobbying against the EUDR in correspondence with Global Witness.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eHowever, LVMH held a meeting with Italian Socialists and Democrats MEP Dario Nardella in November 2024, one month after UNIC met Nardella to discuss “priorities in the fashion industry.”\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNeither Nardella nor LVMH replied to Global Witness’ request to provide further information on whether the EUDR was discussed in that meeting.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe Tuscan MEP is now a prominent supporter of UNIC’s position to remove leather from the EUDR, introducing Nuti at April 2026 event in the European Parliament as his “dear friend” – and recording a video calling for EUDR exemptions for tanneries for COTANCE’s social media feeds.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness also found that LVMH’s lobbyists attended meetings with some of the most powerful actors in the European Commission to discuss “simplification” of the EU’s flagship EU Green Deal in the last two years.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Ursula von der Leyen’s cabinet have heard LVMH requests for simplification. The EU Commissioner has been criticised by civil society for rolling back environmental legislation in the face of right-wing pressure\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eUrsula von der Leyen’s cabinet have heard LVMH requests for simplification. The EU Commissioner has been criticised by civil society for rolling back environmental legislation in the face of right-wing pressure. European Commission / Creative Commons\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe EU’s Green Deal was a suite of landmark policies – including the EUDR – with the ultimate aim of lowering EU emissions by at least 50% by 2030. NGOs say\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/press-releases/total-dereliction-of-responsibility-free-pass-for-polluters-global-witness-reacts-to-csddd-omnibus-proposal/\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;simplification\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;is shorthand for gutting environmental legislation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMeeting notes obtained by Global Witness show that one meeting between LVMH and the Commission concluded \\u0026#8220;LVMH and the Commission share the vision that there is a need for regulatory burden reduction and implementable regulations.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eOur investigators sent multiple requests to the Commission to confirm LVMH has not used these meetings to ask the EU to weaken the EUDR, but did not receive a substantive response.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLVMH did not provide details on what aspect of the EU Green Deal it discussed in these meetings. They also did not reply when our investigators asked whether LVMH supported Nuti’s work through UNIC to weaken the EUDR.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIt is legal\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.europarl.europa.eu/at-your-service/en/transparency/lobby-groups#:~:text=The%20Interinstitutional%20Agreement%20on%20a,read%20the%20annual%20reports%20here:\\\"\\u003eto lobby the EU Commission or Parliament\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;if the meetings are declared.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC did not reply to Global Witness’ request for comment.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eCOTANCE told Global Witness that many of its meetings in the EU were not related to lobbying on the EUDR, but declined to state which meetings or provide any further detail.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eThe EU’s green credentials on the line\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThis heavy lobbying has put pressure on the EUDR, with reliable sources indicating that it is likely that the EU Commission will open a consultation with a proposal to remove hides and other raw materials for leather-making from the EUDR product list.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness’s EU Senior Campaigner, Beate Beller, says: \\u0026#8220;As we approach the implementation of the EUDR, it is critical that the products covered remain firmly grounded in scientific evidence and environmental impact, rather than being weakened by carve-outs secured through intense industry pressure.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Stripping leather from the EUDR would introduce a glaring inconsistency: meat from cattle raised on deforested land would be prohibited, while the hide of that very same animal would still be able circulate the EU market freely.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Caving to lobbying pressure cracks the gate for more irresponsible businesses to weaken the laws protecting EU citizens, inviting further dilution and steadily eroding the integrity and credibility of EU policy-making.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Cattle grazing on deforested land in Paraguay's Gran Chaco\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eCattle skins are used to make leather and are often grown on deforested lands – like these in the Gran Chaco. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLVMH’s own website openly recognises leather as a driver of deforestation. It stated in a 2024 press release at COP16 that it was planning\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.lvmh.com/en/news-lvmh/lvmh-takes-new-steps-to-strengthen-biodiversity-protection-at-cop16\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;zero sourcing\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;from areas at very high risk of deforestation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIt set a\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.lvmh.com/en/commitment-in-action/for-the-environment\\\"\\u003ezero-deforestation\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;target for 2025, yet Nuti’s heavy lobbying appears to be a direct contradiction of LVMH’s stated ambition of \\u0026#8220;raw materials sourced do not contribute to the degradation of natural forests.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eLVMH’s ties to deforestation\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eA closer look at Nuti’s business interests show why he is working so hard to gut the law – and why\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://statics.teams.cdn.office.net/evergreen-assets/safelinks/2/atp-safelinks.html\\\"\\u003ecampaigners say\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;any decision to exclude leather from the scope of the law would be an environmental disaster for Paraguay’s remaining forests.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFabrizio Nuti owns Parpelli, the major brand of tannery Lecom, situated on the outskirts of Asunción, Paraguay’s capital city. The tannery is dependent on purchases of raw hides from the country’s slaughterhouses, including those owned by two major conglomerates, Minerva Foods and Frigorífico Concepción.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIn 2024, Global Witness travelled to Paraguay and showed how both Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción purchase from cattle farms responsible for 75,000 hectares (ha) of deforestation between 2021-2023, including on lands claimed by the Ayoreo Totobiegosode Indigenous People.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFor this report, our investigators used satellite data to update our analysis to explore whether there had been more deforestation on the same farms since 2023.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWe found an estimated 36,000 ha of deforestation on these farms since our last report, which added up to 110,000 ha of deforestation in the Chaco on farms selling to Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción since 2021.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eDeforestation on lands overlapping with land claimed by the Totobiegosode has continued, despite the Inter-American Human Rights Commission granting protected status to the area in 2016.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAlthough Global Witness cannot confirm that hides from cattle reared on these specific farms have been purchased by Lecom/Parpelli, purchasing hides from these companies exposes them to vast deforestation across the northern Chaco.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAny hides that entered the EU from this land would be illegal under the EUDR from 2027 – assuming that leather’s raw materials are not removed from the scope of the law.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe area of deforestation for new cattle farms \\u0026#8211; which Nuti is at high risk of purchasing from \\u0026#8211; is equivalent to an area larger than the size of Paris.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\\u003e\\nhttps://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/7H9w1/3\\n\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe total area of deforestation in the Chaco is also likely to be an underestimate. Neither\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://minervafoods.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/6242i-25-Relatorio_PPA-Paraguai_Minerva_versao_final_v4-1_en-US_vf.pdf\\\"\\u003eMinerva\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;or Frigorífico Concepción have yet been able to map their indirect\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/the-supply-chain-linking-beef-to-amazon-deforestation-with-banks-backing/\\\"\\u003esupply chain\\u003c/a\\u003e, potentially exposing them to more deforestation from farms that sell on to other cattle farms, which in turn supply the slaughterhouses.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eParpelli and the associated hide supplier Lecom have exported high-deforestation risk hides worth $60 million to Italian tanneries since 2018 \\u0026#8211; which like Parpelli, is headed by Fabrizio Nuti.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eCOTANCE’s secretariat told Global Witness that since being acquired by LVMH in 2023, Nuti Ivo has a policy not to source hides from Latin America.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti Ivo appears to have removed a section on its website mentioning Parpelli and how the company plays a role in its “raw ingredient sourcing strategy” after Global Witness wrote to the company with our allegations.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eItalian import data analysed by our investigators also shows that one of Nuti Ivo’s tanneries Conceria Everest imported wet blue hides from Lecom/Parpelli as recently as December last year.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eCattle ranching – which provides skins for leathermaking – is the main driver of deforestation in the Gran Chaco. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti Ivo’s supply chain traceability shows major gaps when audited, revealing that the company does not appear to know where most of its hides come from.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti Ivo’s most recent Leather Working Group assessment shows that it can only trace\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.leatherworkinggroup.com/get-involved/our-community/certified-suppliers/conceria-nuti-ivo-spa-con028/\\\"\\u003e45% of its\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;hides to a specific slaughterhouse – let alone to individual farms. The specific Nuti Ivo tannery that purchases from Lecom/Parpelli – Conceria Everest – can trace an\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.leatherworkinggroup.com/get-involved/our-community/certified-suppliers/conceria-everest-srl-con060/\\\"\\u003eeven smaller percentage\\u003c/a\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFabrizio Nuti is also on the record saying that geolocalisation of hides – or 100% traceability – is a “\\u003ca href=\\\"https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2025-02/DFTD%20-chairs-summary-web%20%283%29.pdf\\\"\\u003enearly impossible task\\u003c/a\\u003e.”\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC also\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/en/raw-material/unic-mission-in-brazil-and-paraguay-to-talk-about-traceability/\\\"\\u003eled a mission to Paraguay\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;in February 2025 to meet with Lecom and Minerva. Leather industry media outlet\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cem\\u003eLa Conceria\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;(itself owned by UNIC)\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/en/raw-material/unic-mission-in-brazil-and-paraguay-to-talk-about-traceability/\\\"\\u003ereported in its newsletter\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;that \\u0026#8220;it’s certain that there’s still work to be done, and that both Brazil and Paraguay’s supply chains would need more time to be fully compliant with EUDR requirements.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eWhat the companies said – and why “legally compliant” sourcing isn’t enough\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIn reply to Global Witness, Lecom/Parpelli \\u0026#8220;reaffirmed their commitment to sourcing from deforestation-free areas\\u0026#8221; but admitted it was complicated to demonstrate this commitment over large supply chains, as it requires coordination with multiple actors.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLecom/Parpelli also told us that they had been in contact with the nonprofit conservation organisation National Wildlife Federation to improve their traceability systems.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNWF told us in March 2026 they began initial conversations with the company “a few weeks ago, to support them in meeting international market requirements and to help regain access to the European market” through traceability, but were not a current client.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMinerva told Global Witness that it \\u0026#8220;recognizes that the longevity and success of its business depend on the sustainability of the ecosystems that support agricultural production,\\u0026#8221; highlighting that 100% of the company’s purchases were compliant with the Group’s Sustainability Policy.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFrigorífico Concepción said the company \\u0026#8220;maintains a strong commitment to sustainability, due diligence, and transparency throughout its entire supply chain\\u0026#8221; and denied its operations drive deforestation in Paraguay.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIt also reiterated the legality of its cattle sourcing and stated that it does not believe it is sourcing from lands owned by the Ayoreo Totobiegosode, according to the legal recognition of the lands by the Paraguayan government.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"A signpost to the Agroganadera Concepción cattle ranch, northern Paraguay\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eA sign in the Chaco points to a Frigorífico Concepción owned farm, where Global Witness identified significant deforestation in 2024. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness does not allege that the deforestation in Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción’s supply chain is illegal. Paraguay’s very weak environmental laws allow farms to deforest up to 75% of their properties legally. Pedro, who works for an environmental NGO in Paraguay, told us in 2024 Paraguay’s environmental law was \\u0026#8220;antiquated\\u0026#8221; and no longer fit for purpose.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWhatever the legal status of deforestation in the country, land use change for agriculture on this scale causes huge CO2 equivalent emissions and issues for local people.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMinerva and Frigorífico Concepción contribute to this crisis by having policies to only rule out purchasing from areas of \\u0026#8220;illegal deforestation\\u0026#8221; only, which does nothing to disincentivise farmers to stop deforesting, as they know they will still be able to sell to the country’s main slaughterhouses.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eEarthsight and Global Witness’s previous reporting shows the continued failure of the Paraguayan government to uphold the integrity of Ayoreo Totobiegosode territory in line with the special protection given to the area by the Inter-American Human Rights Commission in 2016.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eA professor of human rights at Columbia University told Global Witness that corporations have obligations to protect human rights that go beyond national regulations, even when the State itself does not uphold these rights.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eWhy this matters for LVMH and other luxury brands: A message from the Chaco\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThere is a considerable risk that Nuti Ivo – and by extension LVMH, among other luxury brands – may still be purchasing hides or leather from deforested lands or deforestation overlapping with indigenous territories in Paraguay.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe findings of this investigation reflect a critical reality – talk on zero deforestation is cheap, but when regulation requires corporations to take real action to clean up their supply chains, the leather industry is using its power to maintain the status quo.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness previously found that Paraguay’s Gran Chaco\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/the-price-of-beauty-popular-collagen-brands-drive-deforestation-and-rights-abuses-in-paraguay/\\\"\\u003ecould be lost completely\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;within 50 years if current rates of deforestation continue. The European law UNIC and COTANCE are fighting so hard to weaken is crucial to driving real change in Paraguay and finally forcing companies like Lecom/Parpelli, Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción to address deforestation in their supply chains.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"deforestation in Paraguay Field\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eThe EUDR is vital for stopping agricultural deforestation, like this area of forest cleared for cattle ranching overlapping Ayoreo Totobiegosode indigenous territory in the Chaco in recent years. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cblockquote class=\\\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\\\"\\u003e\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003ePeople who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003c/blockquote\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eTotobiegosode campaigner, Guede\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWithout it, deforestation will continue apace. The world would lose a critical carbon sink and, crucially, Indigenous Peoples like the Ayoreo Totobiegosode could lose their home and spiritual connection to\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cem\\u003eEami.\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Eami\\u0026#8221; is simultaneously the Ayoreo word for forest, territory and the group’s worldview,\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.iniciativa-amotocodie.org/el-chaco/territorio-ayoreo/\\\"\\u003eincluding\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026#8220;flora, fauna and all their surroundings, of which the people are part.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWe asked Totobiegosode campaigner Guede what he thought of companies like LVMH trying to weaken laws that will help his people and the forest.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;I believe that people who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Companies that buy meat or leather from deforested land do not respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples, and should not proceed in this way.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-video\\\"\\u003e\\u003cvideo height=\\\"1280\\\" style=\\\"aspect-ratio: 720 / 1280;\\\" width=\\\"720\\\" controls src=\\\"https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/70738966714743cda205a3722c3feca3.mp4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/video\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\",\"fallbackText\":\"As leather boss Fabrizio Nuti heads up a lobbying blitz to dismantle EU’s deforestation law, a separate Paraguayan tannery he owns accepts it is likely still sourcing hides from deforested lands\\nKey findings\\nFabrizio Nuti – head of Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessey (LVMH)-owned tannery group Nuti Ivo – is a key player in the leather lobby’s aggressive campaign to remove leather from the scope of the upcoming EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR)\\nLVMH deny lobbying to weaken the EUDR directly, but Nuti-led lobby groups UNIC and COTANCE have met with powerbrokers in EU institutions on average every other month in the last two years\\nNuti owns a separate Paraguayan tannery at high risk of purchasing hides from farms responsible for 111,000 hectares of deforestation (1,110km2) in the climate-crucial Gran Chaco forest, through purchases from meat giants Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción\\nNuti’s Paraguayan tannery exports products to Italy that carry high risk of originating from deforested lands overlapping the territory of the Indigenous Ayoreo Totobiegosode People in the Chaco\\nHead of Louis Vuitton tannery leads fight to gut EU deforestation lawDownload Resource\\nThe EU deforestation law and its goals\\nThe European Union Deforestation Regulation (or “EUDR”) will require companies that place or import products driving deforestation – such as leather from cattle farms – onto the EU market to prove these products are legally produced and deforestation-free. Companies were initially given 18 months to prepare.\\nNow campaigners are fearful for the law’s future and integrity, with the regulation already delayed by two years.\\nReports from inside the EU suggest the Commission may propose that hides used by the leather industry be removed from its scope entirely, despite cattle products including leather representing more than 13% of the bloc’s deforestation footprint.\\nLeather is beloved by the fashion industry, which it uses to manufacture high-end products like bags and shoes. Getty Images\\nGlobal Witness can now reveal the extent of the lobbying by groups with strong ties to LVMH, exposing how Fabrizio Nuti – the head of LVMH subsidiary Nuti Ivo, a group of Tuscan tanneries – has worked systematically to discredit the law within EU institutions and Italy, as well as lobbying the Paraguayan President Santiago Peña.\\nOur investigators found Mr Nuti has used his leadership roles in EU tannery unions to persuade the EU Commission to delay and weaken the EUDR – all while a Paraguay tannery he owns separately from Nuti Ivo is at high risk of purchasing hides from farms that have deforested large areas of Paraguay’s biodiverse and threatened Gran Chaco.\\nNuti owns Paraguayan tannery Lecom/Parpelli, which purchases hides from companies Minerva Foods and Frigorífico Concepción. Global Witness has previously exposed these major players in the global cattle sector as sourcing from farms responsible for deforestation on land overlapping the territory of the Indigenous Ayoreo Totobiegosode.\\nIf Nuti’s lobbying succeeds in removing leather from the law, it would mean products from his Paraguayan tannery sourced from deforested areas or Ayoreo Totobiegosode lands could continue to be sold in the EU.\\n“I believe that people who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day,” says Ayoreo leader Guede, who grew up in the area where cattle farms are moving in to clear forest.\\nTrade data shows Lecom/Parpelli continues to supply Nuti Ivo’s Italian tanneries despite Nuti Ivo’s claim that they stopped sourcing from Paraguay in 2024.\\nHides are hung to dry in an Italian tannery. Italy has the largest tannery industry in the EU. Romano Cagnoni / Getty Images\\nPrevious Global Witness analysis has suggested that the EUDR could save forests the size of Austria in its first 10 years. A robust EU zero-deforestation law that includes leather is vital for the Gran Chaco’s future.\\nParaguay has exported 400 million kilogrammes of raw and semi-processed hides to Italy since 2018, worth $266 million – showing a clear motive for the leather industry to maintain business as usual.\\n“The challenge is difficult, but we will not give up”: How industry associations with links to LVMH are fighting to remove leather from the EUDR\\nFabrizio Nuti is the President of Tuscan tannery group Nuti Ivo. Luxury goods house LVMH took a controlling stake in the company in 2023.\\nMr Nuti is also the President of the Italian tannery association UNIC as well as Vice President of pan-European leather association COTANCE.\\nNuti said in February 2026 that the EUDR represented “a very serious problem for our industry” and that he was “fighting” against it – saying “the challenge is difficult, but we will not give up.”\\nGlobal Witness’s analysis of lobbying registers demonstrates how intense UNIC and COTANCE’s lobbying efforts have been within the EU institutions since the introduction of the EUDR in Parliament in 2021.\\nhttps://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/iHkxG/13\\nAccording to EU Transparency Register disclosures, UNIC and COTANCE have spent a combined €1.5 million on lobbying activities inside the EU in the last five years. Although records do not disaggregate on which topics this money was spent, the EUDR was clearly a focus of their lobbying efforts.\\nWe found 16 meetings between UNIC or COTANCE that explicitly refer to the EUDR, deforestation, simplification or leather in the declared meeting title since 2021. Most of these meetings took place in 2025, when calls from members of the Commission to gut the EUDR increased.\\nUNIC and COTANCE have petitioned Italian MEPS in the European Parliament, holding several meetings and events with far-right Italian MEPs Elena Donnazzan and Roberto Vannacci.\\nUNIC subsequently hosted an event at the European Parliament called “Leather is a driver of deforestation? Let’s take the facts to the European parliament”, attended by Salvatore di Meo from the right-wing Forza Italia party.\\nUNIC and COTANCE also provided funding for a study that concluded that leather does not drive deforestation.\\nThis study has been a key lobbying tool for UNIC, which presented the study’s findings to the European Parliament. Yet other peer-reviewed academic studies have drawn a clear link between leather and deforestation. Multiple NGOs, including Global Witness, have already criticised the study as “a flawed, industry-commissioned report.”\\nUNIC’s lobbying has not only been confined to the EU. Nuti has met with the pro-agribusiness Paraguayan president Santiago Pena in Rome, quoting him as describing the EUDR as a “burden for operators.”\\nParaguayan President Santiago Peña meeting Von Der Leyen in 2024. Peña has been an outspoken critic of the EUDR. Creative Commons\\nUNIC has also lobbied the Italian government.\\nAfter a meeting with Nuti, Italian Deputy Prime Minister Antonio Tajani wrote to EU Commission President Von der Leyen and Trade Commissioner Maroš Šefčovič calling for leather’s removal from the EUDR, calling it an “existential issue” for Italian tanneries.\\nLVMH and lobbying on the Green Deal in the EU\\nLVMH categorically denied any lobbying against the EUDR in correspondence with Global Witness.\\nHowever, LVMH held a meeting with Italian Socialists and Democrats MEP Dario Nardella in November 2024, one month after UNIC met Nardella to discuss “priorities in the fashion industry.”\\nNeither Nardella nor LVMH replied to Global Witness’ request to provide further information on whether the EUDR was discussed in that meeting.\\nThe Tuscan MEP is now a prominent supporter of UNIC’s position to remove leather from the EUDR, introducing Nuti at April 2026 event in the European Parliament as his “dear friend” – and recording a video calling for EUDR exemptions for tanneries for COTANCE’s social media feeds.\\nGlobal Witness also found that LVMH’s lobbyists attended meetings with some of the most powerful actors in the European Commission to discuss “simplification” of the EU’s flagship EU Green Deal in the last two years.\\nUrsula von der Leyen’s cabinet have heard LVMH requests for simplification. The EU Commissioner has been criticised by civil society for rolling back environmental legislation in the face of right-wing pressure. European Commission / Creative Commons\\nThe EU’s Green Deal was a suite of landmark policies – including the EUDR – with the ultimate aim of lowering EU emissions by at least 50% by 2030. NGOs say “simplification” is shorthand for gutting environmental legislation.\\nMeeting notes obtained by Global Witness show that one meeting between LVMH and the Commission concluded “LVMH and the Commission share the vision that there is a need for regulatory burden reduction and implementable regulations.”\\nOur investigators sent multiple requests to the Commission to confirm LVMH has not used these meetings to ask the EU to weaken the EUDR, but did not receive a substantive response.\\nLVMH did not provide details on what aspect of the EU Green Deal it discussed in these meetings. They also did not reply when our investigators asked whether LVMH supported Nuti’s work through UNIC to weaken the EUDR.\\nIt is legal to lobby the EU Commission or Parliament if the meetings are declared.\\nUNIC did not reply to Global Witness’ request for comment.\\nCOTANCE told Global Witness that many of its meetings in the EU were not related to lobbying on the EUDR, but declined to state which meetings or provide any further detail.\\nThe EU’s green credentials on the line\\nThis heavy lobbying has put pressure on the EUDR, with reliable sources indicating that it is likely that the EU Commission will open a consultation with a proposal to remove hides and other raw materials for leather-making from the EUDR product list.\\nGlobal Witness’s EU Senior Campaigner, Beate Beller, says: “As we approach the implementation of the EUDR, it is critical that the products covered remain firmly grounded in scientific evidence and environmental impact, rather than being weakened by carve-outs secured through intense industry pressure.\\n“Stripping leather from the EUDR would introduce a glaring inconsistency: meat from cattle raised on deforested land would be prohibited, while the hide of that very same animal would still be able circulate the EU market freely.\\n“Caving to lobbying pressure cracks the gate for more irresponsible businesses to weaken the laws protecting EU citizens, inviting further dilution and steadily eroding the integrity and credibility of EU policy-making.”\\nCattle skins are used to make leather and are often grown on deforested lands – like these in the Gran Chaco. Global Witness\\nLVMH’s own website openly recognises leather as a driver of deforestation. It stated in a 2024 press release at COP16 that it was planning “zero sourcing” from areas at very high risk of deforestation.\\nIt set a zero-deforestation target for 2025, yet Nuti’s heavy lobbying appears to be a direct contradiction of LVMH’s stated ambition of “raw materials sourced do not contribute to the degradation of natural forests.”\\nLVMH’s ties to deforestation\\nA closer look at Nuti’s business interests show why he is working so hard to gut the law – and why campaigners say any decision to exclude leather from the scope of the law would be an environmental disaster for Paraguay’s remaining forests.\\nFabrizio Nuti owns Parpelli, the major brand of tannery Lecom, situated on the outskirts of Asunción, Paraguay’s capital city. The tannery is dependent on purchases of raw hides from the country’s slaughterhouses, including those owned by two major conglomerates, Minerva Foods and Frigorífico Concepción.\\nIn 2024, Global Witness travelled to Paraguay and showed how both Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción purchase from cattle farms responsible for 75,000 hectares (ha) of deforestation between 2021-2023, including on lands claimed by the Ayoreo Totobiegosode Indigenous People.\\nFor this report, our investigators used satellite data to update our analysis to explore whether there had been more deforestation on the same farms since 2023.\\nWe found an estimated 36,000 ha of deforestation on these farms since our last report, which added up to 110,000 ha of deforestation in the Chaco on farms selling to Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción since 2021.\\nDeforestation on lands overlapping with land claimed by the Totobiegosode has continued, despite the Inter-American Human Rights Commission granting protected status to the area in 2016.\\nAlthough Global Witness cannot confirm that hides from cattle reared on these specific farms have been purchased by Lecom/Parpelli, purchasing hides from these companies exposes them to vast deforestation across the northern Chaco.\\nAny hides that entered the EU from this land would be illegal under the EUDR from 2027 – assuming that leather’s raw materials are not removed from the scope of the law.\\nThe area of deforestation for new cattle farms – which Nuti is at high risk of purchasing from – is equivalent to an area larger than the size of Paris.\\nhttps://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/7H9w1/3\\nThe total area of deforestation in the Chaco is also likely to be an underestimate. Neither Minerva or Frigorífico Concepción have yet been able to map their indirect supply chain, potentially exposing them to more deforestation from farms that sell on to other cattle farms, which in turn supply the slaughterhouses.\\nParpelli and the associated hide supplier Lecom have exported high-deforestation risk hides worth $60 million to Italian tanneries since 2018 – which like Parpelli, is headed by Fabrizio Nuti.\\nCOTANCE’s secretariat told Global Witness that since being acquired by LVMH in 2023, Nuti Ivo has a policy not to source hides from Latin America.\\nNuti Ivo appears to have removed a section on its website mentioning Parpelli and how the company plays a role in its “raw ingredient sourcing strategy” after Global Witness wrote to the company with our allegations.\\nItalian import data analysed by our investigators also shows that one of Nuti Ivo’s tanneries Conceria Everest imported wet blue hides from Lecom/Parpelli as recently as December last year.\\nCattle ranching – which provides skins for leathermaking – is the main driver of deforestation in the Gran Chaco. Global Witness\\nNuti Ivo’s supply chain traceability shows major gaps when audited, revealing that the company does not appear to know where most of its hides come from.\\nNuti Ivo’s most recent Leather Working Group assessment shows that it can only trace 45% of its hides to a specific slaughterhouse – let alone to individual farms. The specific Nuti Ivo tannery that purchases from Lecom/Parpelli – Conceria Everest – can trace an even smaller percentage.\\nFabrizio Nuti is also on the record saying that geolocalisation of hides – or 100% traceability – is a “nearly impossible task.”\\nUNIC also led a mission to Paraguay in February 2025 to meet with Lecom and Minerva. Leather industry media outlet La Conceria (itself owned by UNIC) reported in its newsletter that “it’s certain that there’s still work to be done, and that both Brazil and Paraguay’s supply chains would need more time to be fully compliant with EUDR requirements.”\\nWhat the companies said – and why “legally compliant” sourcing isn’t enough\\nIn reply to Global Witness, Lecom/Parpelli “reaffirmed their commitment to sourcing from deforestation-free areas” but admitted it was complicated to demonstrate this commitment over large supply chains, as it requires coordination with multiple actors.\\nLecom/Parpelli also told us that they had been in contact with the nonprofit conservation organisation National Wildlife Federation to improve their traceability systems.\\nNWF told us in March 2026 they began initial conversations with the company “a few weeks ago, to support them in meeting international market requirements and to help regain access to the European market” through traceability, but were not a current client.\\nMinerva told Global Witness that it “recognizes that the longevity and success of its business depend on the sustainability of the ecosystems that support agricultural production,” highlighting that 100% of the company’s purchases were compliant with the Group’s Sustainability Policy.\\nFrigorífico Concepción said the company “maintains a strong commitment to sustainability, due diligence, and transparency throughout its entire supply chain” and denied its operations drive deforestation in Paraguay.\\nIt also reiterated the legality of its cattle sourcing and stated that it does not believe it is sourcing from lands owned by the Ayoreo Totobiegosode, according to the legal recognition of the lands by the Paraguayan government.\\nA sign in the Chaco points to a Frigorífico Concepción owned farm, where Global Witness identified significant deforestation in 2024. Global Witness\\nGlobal Witness does not allege that the deforestation in Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción’s supply chain is illegal. Paraguay’s very weak environmental laws allow farms to deforest up to 75% of their properties legally. Pedro, who works for an environmental NGO in Paraguay, told us in 2024 Paraguay’s environmental law was “antiquated” and no longer fit for purpose.\\nWhatever the legal status of deforestation in the country, land use change for agriculture on this scale causes huge CO2 equivalent emissions and issues for local people.\\nMinerva and Frigorífico Concepción contribute to this crisis by having policies to only rule out purchasing from areas of “illegal deforestation” only, which does nothing to disincentivise farmers to stop deforesting, as they know they will still be able to sell to the country’s main slaughterhouses.\\nEarthsight and Global Witness’s previous reporting shows the continued failure of the Paraguayan government to uphold the integrity of Ayoreo Totobiegosode territory in line with the special protection given to the area by the Inter-American Human Rights Commission in 2016.\\nA professor of human rights at Columbia University told Global Witness that corporations have obligations to protect human rights that go beyond national regulations, even when the State itself does not uphold these rights.\\nWhy this matters for LVMH and other luxury brands: A message from the Chaco\\nThere is a considerable risk that Nuti Ivo – and by extension LVMH, among other luxury brands – may still be purchasing hides or leather from deforested lands or deforestation overlapping with indigenous territories in Paraguay.\\nThe findings of this investigation reflect a critical reality – talk on zero deforestation is cheap, but when regulation requires corporations to take real action to clean up their supply chains, the leather industry is using its power to maintain the status quo.\\nGlobal Witness previously found that Paraguay’s Gran Chaco could be lost completely within 50 years if current rates of deforestation continue. The European law UNIC and COTANCE are fighting so hard to weaken is crucial to driving real change in Paraguay and finally forcing companies like Lecom/Parpelli, Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción to address deforestation in their supply chains.\\nThe EUDR is vital for stopping agricultural deforestation, like this area of forest cleared for cattle ranching overlapping Ayoreo Totobiegosode indigenous territory in the Chaco in recent years. Global Witness\\nPeople who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day\\nTotobiegosode campaigner, Guede\\nWithout it, deforestation will continue apace. The world would lose a critical carbon sink and, crucially, Indigenous Peoples like the Ayoreo Totobiegosode could lose their home and spiritual connection to Eami.\\n“Eami” is simultaneously the Ayoreo word for forest, territory and the group’s worldview, including “flora, fauna and all their surroundings, of which the people are part.”\\nWe asked Totobiegosode campaigner Guede what he thought of companies like LVMH trying to weaken laws that will help his people and the forest.\\n“I believe that people who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day.\\n“Companies that buy meat or leather from deforested land do not respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples, and should not proceed in this way.”\",\"html\":\"\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAs leather boss Fabrizio Nuti heads up a lobbying blitz to dismantle EU’s deforestation law, a separate Paraguayan tannery he owns accepts it is likely still sourcing hides from deforested lands\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003eKey findings\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cul class=\\\"wp-block-list\\\"\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eFabrizio Nuti – head of Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessey (LVMH)-owned tannery group Nuti Ivo – is a key player in the leather lobby’s aggressive campaign to remove leather from the scope of the upcoming EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR)\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cli\\u003eLVMH deny lobbying to weaken the EUDR directly, but Nuti-led lobby groups UNIC and COTANCE have met with powerbrokers in EU institutions on average every other month in the last two years\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cli\\u003eNuti owns a separate Paraguayan tannery at high risk of purchasing hides from farms responsible for 111,000 hectares of deforestation (1,110km2) in the climate-crucial Gran Chaco forest, through purchases from meat giants Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cli\\u003eNuti’s Paraguayan tannery exports products to Italy that carry high risk of originating from deforested lands overlapping the territory of the Indigenous Ayoreo Totobiegosode People in the Chaco\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ul\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eHead of Louis Vuitton tannery leads fight to gut EU deforestation law\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/documents/1013/Head_of_Louis_Vuitton_tannery_leads_fight_to_gut_EU_deforestation_law.pdf\\\"\\u003eDownload Resource\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eThe EU deforestation law and its goals\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe European Union Deforestation Regulation (or “EUDR”) will\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM%3A4680738\\\"\\u003erequire companies\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;that place or import products driving deforestation – such as leather from cattle farms – onto the EU market to prove these products are legally produced and deforestation-free. Companies were initially given 18 months to prepare.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNow campaigners are fearful for the law’s future and integrity, with the regulation already\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/what-does-the-delay-to-the-eus-anti-deforestation-law-mean/\\\"\\u003edelayed by two years\\u003c/a\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eReports from inside the EU suggest the Commission may propose that hides used by the leather industry be removed from its scope entirely, despite cattle products including leather\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://trase.earth/insights/eu-s-deforestation-footprint-highlights-need-for-eudr\\\"\\u003erepresenting\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;more than 13% of the bloc’s deforestation footprint.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"luxury fashion bags made out of leather\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eLeather is beloved by the fashion industry, which it uses to manufacture high-end products like bags and shoes. Getty Images\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness can now reveal the extent of the lobbying by groups with strong ties to LVMH, exposing how Fabrizio Nuti – the head of LVMH subsidiary Nuti Ivo, a group of Tuscan tanneries – has worked systematically to discredit the law within EU institutions and Italy, as well as lobbying the Paraguayan President Santiago Peña.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eOur investigators found Mr Nuti has used his leadership roles in EU tannery unions to persuade the EU Commission to delay and weaken the EUDR – all while a Paraguay tannery he owns separately from Nuti Ivo is at high risk of purchasing hides from farms that have deforested large areas of Paraguay’s biodiverse and threatened\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/cash-cattle-and-the-gran-chaco-how-financiers-turned-a-blind-eye-to-paraguays-deforestation-crisis/\\\"\\u003eGran Chaco\\u003c/a\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti owns Paraguayan tannery Lecom/Parpelli, which purchases hides from companies Minerva Foods and Frigorífico Concepción. Global Witness has\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/the-price-of-beauty-popular-collagen-brands-drive-deforestation-and-rights-abuses-in-paraguay/\\\"\\u003epreviously exposed\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;these major players in the global cattle sector as sourcing from farms responsible for deforestation on land overlapping the territory of the Indigenous Ayoreo Totobiegosode.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIf Nuti’s lobbying succeeds in removing leather from the law, it would mean products from his Paraguayan tannery sourced from deforested areas or Ayoreo Totobiegosode lands could continue to be sold in the EU.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e“I believe that people who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day,” says Ayoreo leader Guede, who grew up in the area where cattle farms are moving in to clear forest.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eTrade data shows Lecom/Parpelli continues to supply Nuti Ivo’s Italian tanneries despite Nuti Ivo’s claim that they stopped sourcing from Paraguay in 2024.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Leather hides are hung to dry in an Italian tannery\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eHides are hung to dry in an Italian tannery. Italy has the largest tannery industry in the EU. Romano Cagnoni / Getty Images\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003ePrevious Global Witness analysis has suggested that the EUDR could\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/saving-a-forest-the-size-of-austria-the-first-ten-years-of-the-eudr/\\\"\\u003esave forests the size of Austria\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;in its first 10 years. A robust EU zero-deforestation law that includes leather is vital for the Gran Chaco’s future.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eParaguay has exported 400 million kilogrammes of raw and semi-processed hides to Italy since 2018, worth $266 million – showing a clear motive for the leather industry to maintain business as usual.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e“The challenge is difficult, but we will not give up”: How industry associations with links to LVMH are fighting to remove leather from the EUDR\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFabrizio Nuti is the President of Tuscan tannery group Nuti Ivo. Luxury goods house LVMH took a controlling stake in the company in 2023.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMr Nuti is also the President of the Italian tannery association UNIC as well as Vice President of pan-European leather association COTANCE.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti said in February 2026 that the EUDR represented “a very serious problem for our industry” and that he was “fighting” against it – saying “\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/conceria/nuti-unic-questa-e-la-nostra-nuova-sfida-e-dobbiamo-vincerla/\\\"\\u003ethe challenge is difficult, but we will not give up.”\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness’s analysis of lobbying registers demonstrates how intense UNIC and COTANCE’s lobbying efforts have been within the EU institutions since the introduction of the EUDR in Parliament in 2021.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\\u003e\\nhttps://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/iHkxG/13\\n\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAccording to EU Transparency Register disclosures, UNIC and COTANCE have spent a combined €1.5 million on lobbying activities inside the EU in the last five years. Although records do not disaggregate on which topics this money was spent, the EUDR was clearly a focus of their lobbying efforts.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWe found 16 meetings between UNIC or COTANCE that explicitly refer to the EUDR, deforestation, simplification or leather in the declared meeting title since 2021. Most of these meetings took place in 2025, when calls from members of the Commission to gut the EUDR increased.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC and COTANCE have petitioned Italian MEPS in the European Parliament, holding several meetings and events with far-right Italian MEPs Elena Donnazzan and Roberto Vannacci.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC subsequently hosted an event at the European Parliament called “Leather is a driver of deforestation? Let’s take the facts to the European parliament”, attended by\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/sostenibilita/deforestazione-tutti-al-parlamento-europeo-martedi-3-giugno/?fbclid=IwY2xjawQyLVlleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETFpWlFLVk1NWERKd3pTQ1pBc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQQMjIyMDM5MTc4ODIwMDg5MgABHp78tA1SC-v45f7x0_cnFR0eFpwHPmt3eBabcnLLbiMHBSHT6O4pVKSmRGeW_aem_DxcY2nfvyL68RrZlZZZ1jQ\\\"\\u003eSalvatore di Meo\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;from the right-wing Forza Italia party.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC and COTANCE also provided funding for a\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://eadd8vb9ax9.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/Full-Report-Analysis-of-the-effects-of-the-EUDR-on-the-European-leather-sector.pdf\\\"\\u003estudy\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;that concluded that leather does not drive deforestation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThis study has been a key lobbying tool for UNIC, which presented the\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/en/tannery/18-european-ministers-write-to-von-der-leyen-the-eudr-must-be-simplified/\\\"\\u003estudy’s findings to the European Parliament.\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;Yet other\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180092400185X#f0015\\\"\\u003epeer-reviewed\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;academic studies have drawn a clear link between leather and deforestation. Multiple NGOs, including Global Witness, have already criticised the study as\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.earthsight.org.uk/news/include-leather-eudr\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;a flawed, industry-commissioned report.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC’s lobbying has not only been confined to the EU. Nuti has met with the pro-agribusiness Paraguayan president Santiago Pena in Rome, quoting him as describing the EUDR as a\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://unic.it/en/articles/unic-incontra-il-presidente-del-paraguay/\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;burden for operators.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Paraguayan President Santiago Peña meeting Von Der Leyen in 2024. Peña has been an outspoken critic of the EUDR\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eParaguayan President Santiago Peña meeting Von Der Leyen in 2024. Peña has been an outspoken critic of the EUDR. Creative Commons\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC has also lobbied the Italian government.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAfter a meeting with Nuti, Italian Deputy Prime Minister Antonio Tajani\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://internationalleathermaker.com/italian-government-urges-eu-to-exclude-leather-from-eudr/\\\"\\u003ewrote\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;to EU Commission President Von der Leyen and Trade Commissioner Maroš Šefčovič calling for leather’s removal from the EUDR, calling it an “existential issue” for Italian tanneries.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eLVMH and lobbying on the Green Deal in the EU\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLVMH categorically denied any lobbying against the EUDR in correspondence with Global Witness.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eHowever, LVMH held a meeting with Italian Socialists and Democrats MEP Dario Nardella in November 2024, one month after UNIC met Nardella to discuss “priorities in the fashion industry.”\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNeither Nardella nor LVMH replied to Global Witness’ request to provide further information on whether the EUDR was discussed in that meeting.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe Tuscan MEP is now a prominent supporter of UNIC’s position to remove leather from the EUDR, introducing Nuti at April 2026 event in the European Parliament as his “dear friend” – and recording a video calling for EUDR exemptions for tanneries for COTANCE’s social media feeds.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness also found that LVMH’s lobbyists attended meetings with some of the most powerful actors in the European Commission to discuss “simplification” of the EU’s flagship EU Green Deal in the last two years.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Ursula von der Leyen’s cabinet have heard LVMH requests for simplification. The EU Commissioner has been criticised by civil society for rolling back environmental legislation in the face of right-wing pressure\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eUrsula von der Leyen’s cabinet have heard LVMH requests for simplification. The EU Commissioner has been criticised by civil society for rolling back environmental legislation in the face of right-wing pressure. European Commission / Creative Commons\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe EU’s Green Deal was a suite of landmark policies – including the EUDR – with the ultimate aim of lowering EU emissions by at least 50% by 2030. NGOs say\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/press-releases/total-dereliction-of-responsibility-free-pass-for-polluters-global-witness-reacts-to-csddd-omnibus-proposal/\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;simplification\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;is shorthand for gutting environmental legislation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMeeting notes obtained by Global Witness show that one meeting between LVMH and the Commission concluded \\u0026#8220;LVMH and the Commission share the vision that there is a need for regulatory burden reduction and implementable regulations.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eOur investigators sent multiple requests to the Commission to confirm LVMH has not used these meetings to ask the EU to weaken the EUDR, but did not receive a substantive response.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLVMH did not provide details on what aspect of the EU Green Deal it discussed in these meetings. They also did not reply when our investigators asked whether LVMH supported Nuti’s work through UNIC to weaken the EUDR.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIt is legal\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.europarl.europa.eu/at-your-service/en/transparency/lobby-groups#:~:text=The%20Interinstitutional%20Agreement%20on%20a,read%20the%20annual%20reports%20here:\\\"\\u003eto lobby the EU Commission or Parliament\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;if the meetings are declared.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC did not reply to Global Witness’ request for comment.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eCOTANCE told Global Witness that many of its meetings in the EU were not related to lobbying on the EUDR, but declined to state which meetings or provide any further detail.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eThe EU’s green credentials on the line\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThis heavy lobbying has put pressure on the EUDR, with reliable sources indicating that it is likely that the EU Commission will open a consultation with a proposal to remove hides and other raw materials for leather-making from the EUDR product list.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness’s EU Senior Campaigner, Beate Beller, says: \\u0026#8220;As we approach the implementation of the EUDR, it is critical that the products covered remain firmly grounded in scientific evidence and environmental impact, rather than being weakened by carve-outs secured through intense industry pressure.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Stripping leather from the EUDR would introduce a glaring inconsistency: meat from cattle raised on deforested land would be prohibited, while the hide of that very same animal would still be able circulate the EU market freely.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Caving to lobbying pressure cracks the gate for more irresponsible businesses to weaken the laws protecting EU citizens, inviting further dilution and steadily eroding the integrity and credibility of EU policy-making.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Cattle grazing on deforested land in Paraguay's Gran Chaco\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eCattle skins are used to make leather and are often grown on deforested lands – like these in the Gran Chaco. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLVMH’s own website openly recognises leather as a driver of deforestation. It stated in a 2024 press release at COP16 that it was planning\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.lvmh.com/en/news-lvmh/lvmh-takes-new-steps-to-strengthen-biodiversity-protection-at-cop16\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;zero sourcing\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;from areas at very high risk of deforestation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIt set a\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.lvmh.com/en/commitment-in-action/for-the-environment\\\"\\u003ezero-deforestation\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;target for 2025, yet Nuti’s heavy lobbying appears to be a direct contradiction of LVMH’s stated ambition of \\u0026#8220;raw materials sourced do not contribute to the degradation of natural forests.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eLVMH’s ties to deforestation\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eA closer look at Nuti’s business interests show why he is working so hard to gut the law – and why\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://statics.teams.cdn.office.net/evergreen-assets/safelinks/2/atp-safelinks.html\\\"\\u003ecampaigners say\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;any decision to exclude leather from the scope of the law would be an environmental disaster for Paraguay’s remaining forests.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFabrizio Nuti owns Parpelli, the major brand of tannery Lecom, situated on the outskirts of Asunción, Paraguay’s capital city. The tannery is dependent on purchases of raw hides from the country’s slaughterhouses, including those owned by two major conglomerates, Minerva Foods and Frigorífico Concepción.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIn 2024, Global Witness travelled to Paraguay and showed how both Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción purchase from cattle farms responsible for 75,000 hectares (ha) of deforestation between 2021-2023, including on lands claimed by the Ayoreo Totobiegosode Indigenous People.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFor this report, our investigators used satellite data to update our analysis to explore whether there had been more deforestation on the same farms since 2023.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWe found an estimated 36,000 ha of deforestation on these farms since our last report, which added up to 110,000 ha of deforestation in the Chaco on farms selling to Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción since 2021.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eDeforestation on lands overlapping with land claimed by the Totobiegosode has continued, despite the Inter-American Human Rights Commission granting protected status to the area in 2016.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAlthough Global Witness cannot confirm that hides from cattle reared on these specific farms have been purchased by Lecom/Parpelli, purchasing hides from these companies exposes them to vast deforestation across the northern Chaco.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAny hides that entered the EU from this land would be illegal under the EUDR from 2027 – assuming that leather’s raw materials are not removed from the scope of the law.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe area of deforestation for new cattle farms \\u0026#8211; which Nuti is at high risk of purchasing from \\u0026#8211; is equivalent to an area larger than the size of Paris.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\\u003e\\nhttps://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/7H9w1/3\\n\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe total area of deforestation in the Chaco is also likely to be an underestimate. Neither\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://minervafoods.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/6242i-25-Relatorio_PPA-Paraguai_Minerva_versao_final_v4-1_en-US_vf.pdf\\\"\\u003eMinerva\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;or Frigorífico Concepción have yet been able to map their indirect\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/the-supply-chain-linking-beef-to-amazon-deforestation-with-banks-backing/\\\"\\u003esupply chain\\u003c/a\\u003e, potentially exposing them to more deforestation from farms that sell on to other cattle farms, which in turn supply the slaughterhouses.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eParpelli and the associated hide supplier Lecom have exported high-deforestation risk hides worth $60 million to Italian tanneries since 2018 \\u0026#8211; which like Parpelli, is headed by Fabrizio Nuti.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eCOTANCE’s secretariat told Global Witness that since being acquired by LVMH in 2023, Nuti Ivo has a policy not to source hides from Latin America.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti Ivo appears to have removed a section on its website mentioning Parpelli and how the company plays a role in its “raw ingredient sourcing strategy” after Global Witness wrote to the company with our allegations.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eItalian import data analysed by our investigators also shows that one of Nuti Ivo’s tanneries Conceria Everest imported wet blue hides from Lecom/Parpelli as recently as December last year.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eCattle ranching – which provides skins for leathermaking – is the main driver of deforestation in the Gran Chaco. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti Ivo’s supply chain traceability shows major gaps when audited, revealing that the company does not appear to know where most of its hides come from.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti Ivo’s most recent Leather Working Group assessment shows that it can only trace\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.leatherworkinggroup.com/get-involved/our-community/certified-suppliers/conceria-nuti-ivo-spa-con028/\\\"\\u003e45% of its\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;hides to a specific slaughterhouse – let alone to individual farms. The specific Nuti Ivo tannery that purchases from Lecom/Parpelli – Conceria Everest – can trace an\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.leatherworkinggroup.com/get-involved/our-community/certified-suppliers/conceria-everest-srl-con060/\\\"\\u003eeven smaller percentage\\u003c/a\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFabrizio Nuti is also on the record saying that geolocalisation of hides – or 100% traceability – is a “\\u003ca href=\\\"https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2025-02/DFTD%20-chairs-summary-web%20%283%29.pdf\\\"\\u003enearly impossible task\\u003c/a\\u003e.”\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC also\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/en/raw-material/unic-mission-in-brazil-and-paraguay-to-talk-about-traceability/\\\"\\u003eled a mission to Paraguay\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;in February 2025 to meet with Lecom and Minerva. Leather industry media outlet\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cem\\u003eLa Conceria\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;(itself owned by UNIC)\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/en/raw-material/unic-mission-in-brazil-and-paraguay-to-talk-about-traceability/\\\"\\u003ereported in its newsletter\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;that \\u0026#8220;it’s certain that there’s still work to be done, and that both Brazil and Paraguay’s supply chains would need more time to be fully compliant with EUDR requirements.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eWhat the companies said – and why “legally compliant” sourcing isn’t enough\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIn reply to Global Witness, Lecom/Parpelli \\u0026#8220;reaffirmed their commitment to sourcing from deforestation-free areas\\u0026#8221; but admitted it was complicated to demonstrate this commitment over large supply chains, as it requires coordination with multiple actors.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLecom/Parpelli also told us that they had been in contact with the nonprofit conservation organisation National Wildlife Federation to improve their traceability systems.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNWF told us in March 2026 they began initial conversations with the company “a few weeks ago, to support them in meeting international market requirements and to help regain access to the European market” through traceability, but were not a current client.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMinerva told Global Witness that it \\u0026#8220;recognizes that the longevity and success of its business depend on the sustainability of the ecosystems that support agricultural production,\\u0026#8221; highlighting that 100% of the company’s purchases were compliant with the Group’s Sustainability Policy.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFrigorífico Concepción said the company \\u0026#8220;maintains a strong commitment to sustainability, due diligence, and transparency throughout its entire supply chain\\u0026#8221; and denied its operations drive deforestation in Paraguay.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIt also reiterated the legality of its cattle sourcing and stated that it does not believe it is sourcing from lands owned by the Ayoreo Totobiegosode, according to the legal recognition of the lands by the Paraguayan government.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"A signpost to the Agroganadera Concepción cattle ranch, northern Paraguay\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eA sign in the Chaco points to a Frigorífico Concepción owned farm, where Global Witness identified significant deforestation in 2024. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness does not allege that the deforestation in Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción’s supply chain is illegal. Paraguay’s very weak environmental laws allow farms to deforest up to 75% of their properties legally. Pedro, who works for an environmental NGO in Paraguay, told us in 2024 Paraguay’s environmental law was \\u0026#8220;antiquated\\u0026#8221; and no longer fit for purpose.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWhatever the legal status of deforestation in the country, land use change for agriculture on this scale causes huge CO2 equivalent emissions and issues for local people.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMinerva and Frigorífico Concepción contribute to this crisis by having policies to only rule out purchasing from areas of \\u0026#8220;illegal deforestation\\u0026#8221; only, which does nothing to disincentivise farmers to stop deforesting, as they know they will still be able to sell to the country’s main slaughterhouses.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eEarthsight and Global Witness’s previous reporting shows the continued failure of the Paraguayan government to uphold the integrity of Ayoreo Totobiegosode territory in line with the special protection given to the area by the Inter-American Human Rights Commission in 2016.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eA professor of human rights at Columbia University told Global Witness that corporations have obligations to protect human rights that go beyond national regulations, even when the State itself does not uphold these rights.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eWhy this matters for LVMH and other luxury brands: A message from the Chaco\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThere is a considerable risk that Nuti Ivo – and by extension LVMH, among other luxury brands – may still be purchasing hides or leather from deforested lands or deforestation overlapping with indigenous territories in Paraguay.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe findings of this investigation reflect a critical reality – talk on zero deforestation is cheap, but when regulation requires corporations to take real action to clean up their supply chains, the leather industry is using its power to maintain the status quo.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness previously found that Paraguay’s Gran Chaco\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/the-price-of-beauty-popular-collagen-brands-drive-deforestation-and-rights-abuses-in-paraguay/\\\"\\u003ecould be lost completely\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;within 50 years if current rates of deforestation continue. The European law UNIC and COTANCE are fighting so hard to weaken is crucial to driving real change in Paraguay and finally forcing companies like Lecom/Parpelli, Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción to address deforestation in their supply chains.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"deforestation in Paraguay Field\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eThe EUDR is vital for stopping agricultural deforestation, like this area of forest cleared for cattle ranching overlapping Ayoreo Totobiegosode indigenous territory in the Chaco in recent years. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cblockquote class=\\\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\\\"\\u003e\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003ePeople who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003c/blockquote\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eTotobiegosode campaigner, Guede\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWithout it, deforestation will continue apace. The world would lose a critical carbon sink and, crucially, Indigenous Peoples like the Ayoreo Totobiegosode could lose their home and spiritual connection to\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cem\\u003eEami.\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Eami\\u0026#8221; is simultaneously the Ayoreo word for forest, territory and the group’s worldview,\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.iniciativa-amotocodie.org/el-chaco/territorio-ayoreo/\\\"\\u003eincluding\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026#8220;flora, fauna and all their surroundings, of which the people are part.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWe asked Totobiegosode campaigner Guede what he thought of companies like LVMH trying to weaken laws that will help his people and the forest.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;I believe that people who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Companies that buy meat or leather from deforested land do not respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples, and should not proceed in this way.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-video\\\"\\u003e\\u003cvideo height=\\\"1280\\\" style=\\\"aspect-ratio: 720 / 1280;\\\" width=\\\"720\\\" controls src=\\\"https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/70738966714743cda205a3722c3feca3.mp4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/video\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\",\"text\":\"\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAs leather boss Fabrizio Nuti heads up a lobbying blitz to dismantle EU’s deforestation law, a separate Paraguayan tannery he owns accepts it is likely still sourcing hides from deforested lands\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003eKey findings\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cul class=\\\"wp-block-list\\\"\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eFabrizio Nuti – head of Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessey (LVMH)-owned tannery group Nuti Ivo – is a key player in the leather lobby’s aggressive campaign to remove leather from the scope of the upcoming EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR)\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cli\\u003eLVMH deny lobbying to weaken the EUDR directly, but Nuti-led lobby groups UNIC and COTANCE have met with powerbrokers in EU institutions on average every other month in the last two years\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cli\\u003eNuti owns a separate Paraguayan tannery at high risk of purchasing hides from farms responsible for 111,000 hectares of deforestation (1,110km2) in the climate-crucial Gran Chaco forest, through purchases from meat giants Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cli\\u003eNuti’s Paraguayan tannery exports products to Italy that carry high risk of originating from deforested lands overlapping the territory of the Indigenous Ayoreo Totobiegosode People in the Chaco\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ul\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eHead of Louis Vuitton tannery leads fight to gut EU deforestation law\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/documents/1013/Head_of_Louis_Vuitton_tannery_leads_fight_to_gut_EU_deforestation_law.pdf\\\"\\u003eDownload Resource\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eThe EU deforestation law and its goals\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe European Union Deforestation Regulation (or “EUDR”) will\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM%3A4680738\\\"\\u003erequire companies\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;that place or import products driving deforestation – such as leather from cattle farms – onto the EU market to prove these products are legally produced and deforestation-free. Companies were initially given 18 months to prepare.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNow campaigners are fearful for the law’s future and integrity, with the regulation already\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/what-does-the-delay-to-the-eus-anti-deforestation-law-mean/\\\"\\u003edelayed by two years\\u003c/a\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eReports from inside the EU suggest the Commission may propose that hides used by the leather industry be removed from its scope entirely, despite cattle products including leather\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://trase.earth/insights/eu-s-deforestation-footprint-highlights-need-for-eudr\\\"\\u003erepresenting\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;more than 13% of the bloc’s deforestation footprint.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"luxury fashion bags made out of leather\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eLeather is beloved by the fashion industry, which it uses to manufacture high-end products like bags and shoes. Getty Images\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness can now reveal the extent of the lobbying by groups with strong ties to LVMH, exposing how Fabrizio Nuti – the head of LVMH subsidiary Nuti Ivo, a group of Tuscan tanneries – has worked systematically to discredit the law within EU institutions and Italy, as well as lobbying the Paraguayan President Santiago Peña.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eOur investigators found Mr Nuti has used his leadership roles in EU tannery unions to persuade the EU Commission to delay and weaken the EUDR – all while a Paraguay tannery he owns separately from Nuti Ivo is at high risk of purchasing hides from farms that have deforested large areas of Paraguay’s biodiverse and threatened\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/cash-cattle-and-the-gran-chaco-how-financiers-turned-a-blind-eye-to-paraguays-deforestation-crisis/\\\"\\u003eGran Chaco\\u003c/a\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti owns Paraguayan tannery Lecom/Parpelli, which purchases hides from companies Minerva Foods and Frigorífico Concepción. Global Witness has\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/the-price-of-beauty-popular-collagen-brands-drive-deforestation-and-rights-abuses-in-paraguay/\\\"\\u003epreviously exposed\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;these major players in the global cattle sector as sourcing from farms responsible for deforestation on land overlapping the territory of the Indigenous Ayoreo Totobiegosode.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIf Nuti’s lobbying succeeds in removing leather from the law, it would mean products from his Paraguayan tannery sourced from deforested areas or Ayoreo Totobiegosode lands could continue to be sold in the EU.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e“I believe that people who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day,” says Ayoreo leader Guede, who grew up in the area where cattle farms are moving in to clear forest.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eTrade data shows Lecom/Parpelli continues to supply Nuti Ivo’s Italian tanneries despite Nuti Ivo’s claim that they stopped sourcing from Paraguay in 2024.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Leather hides are hung to dry in an Italian tannery\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eHides are hung to dry in an Italian tannery. Italy has the largest tannery industry in the EU. Romano Cagnoni / Getty Images\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003ePrevious Global Witness analysis has suggested that the EUDR could\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/saving-a-forest-the-size-of-austria-the-first-ten-years-of-the-eudr/\\\"\\u003esave forests the size of Austria\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;in its first 10 years. A robust EU zero-deforestation law that includes leather is vital for the Gran Chaco’s future.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eParaguay has exported 400 million kilogrammes of raw and semi-processed hides to Italy since 2018, worth $266 million – showing a clear motive for the leather industry to maintain business as usual.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e“The challenge is difficult, but we will not give up”: How industry associations with links to LVMH are fighting to remove leather from the EUDR\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFabrizio Nuti is the President of Tuscan tannery group Nuti Ivo. Luxury goods house LVMH took a controlling stake in the company in 2023.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMr Nuti is also the President of the Italian tannery association UNIC as well as Vice President of pan-European leather association COTANCE.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti said in February 2026 that the EUDR represented “a very serious problem for our industry” and that he was “fighting” against it – saying “\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/conceria/nuti-unic-questa-e-la-nostra-nuova-sfida-e-dobbiamo-vincerla/\\\"\\u003ethe challenge is difficult, but we will not give up.”\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness’s analysis of lobbying registers demonstrates how intense UNIC and COTANCE’s lobbying efforts have been within the EU institutions since the introduction of the EUDR in Parliament in 2021.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\\u003e\\nhttps://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/iHkxG/13\\n\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAccording to EU Transparency Register disclosures, UNIC and COTANCE have spent a combined €1.5 million on lobbying activities inside the EU in the last five years. Although records do not disaggregate on which topics this money was spent, the EUDR was clearly a focus of their lobbying efforts.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWe found 16 meetings between UNIC or COTANCE that explicitly refer to the EUDR, deforestation, simplification or leather in the declared meeting title since 2021. Most of these meetings took place in 2025, when calls from members of the Commission to gut the EUDR increased.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC and COTANCE have petitioned Italian MEPS in the European Parliament, holding several meetings and events with far-right Italian MEPs Elena Donnazzan and Roberto Vannacci.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC subsequently hosted an event at the European Parliament called “Leather is a driver of deforestation? Let’s take the facts to the European parliament”, attended by\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/sostenibilita/deforestazione-tutti-al-parlamento-europeo-martedi-3-giugno/?fbclid=IwY2xjawQyLVlleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETFpWlFLVk1NWERKd3pTQ1pBc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQQMjIyMDM5MTc4ODIwMDg5MgABHp78tA1SC-v45f7x0_cnFR0eFpwHPmt3eBabcnLLbiMHBSHT6O4pVKSmRGeW_aem_DxcY2nfvyL68RrZlZZZ1jQ\\\"\\u003eSalvatore di Meo\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;from the right-wing Forza Italia party.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC and COTANCE also provided funding for a\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://eadd8vb9ax9.exactdn.com/wp-content/uploads/Full-Report-Analysis-of-the-effects-of-the-EUDR-on-the-European-leather-sector.pdf\\\"\\u003estudy\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;that concluded that leather does not drive deforestation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThis study has been a key lobbying tool for UNIC, which presented the\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/en/tannery/18-european-ministers-write-to-von-der-leyen-the-eudr-must-be-simplified/\\\"\\u003estudy’s findings to the European Parliament.\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;Yet other\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180092400185X#f0015\\\"\\u003epeer-reviewed\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;academic studies have drawn a clear link between leather and deforestation. Multiple NGOs, including Global Witness, have already criticised the study as\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.earthsight.org.uk/news/include-leather-eudr\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;a flawed, industry-commissioned report.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC’s lobbying has not only been confined to the EU. Nuti has met with the pro-agribusiness Paraguayan president Santiago Pena in Rome, quoting him as describing the EUDR as a\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://unic.it/en/articles/unic-incontra-il-presidente-del-paraguay/\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;burden for operators.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Paraguayan President Santiago Peña meeting Von Der Leyen in 2024. Peña has been an outspoken critic of the EUDR\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eParaguayan President Santiago Peña meeting Von Der Leyen in 2024. Peña has been an outspoken critic of the EUDR. Creative Commons\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC has also lobbied the Italian government.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAfter a meeting with Nuti, Italian Deputy Prime Minister Antonio Tajani\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://internationalleathermaker.com/italian-government-urges-eu-to-exclude-leather-from-eudr/\\\"\\u003ewrote\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;to EU Commission President Von der Leyen and Trade Commissioner Maroš Šefčovič calling for leather’s removal from the EUDR, calling it an “existential issue” for Italian tanneries.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eLVMH and lobbying on the Green Deal in the EU\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLVMH categorically denied any lobbying against the EUDR in correspondence with Global Witness.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eHowever, LVMH held a meeting with Italian Socialists and Democrats MEP Dario Nardella in November 2024, one month after UNIC met Nardella to discuss “priorities in the fashion industry.”\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNeither Nardella nor LVMH replied to Global Witness’ request to provide further information on whether the EUDR was discussed in that meeting.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe Tuscan MEP is now a prominent supporter of UNIC’s position to remove leather from the EUDR, introducing Nuti at April 2026 event in the European Parliament as his “dear friend” – and recording a video calling for EUDR exemptions for tanneries for COTANCE’s social media feeds.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness also found that LVMH’s lobbyists attended meetings with some of the most powerful actors in the European Commission to discuss “simplification” of the EU’s flagship EU Green Deal in the last two years.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Ursula von der Leyen’s cabinet have heard LVMH requests for simplification. The EU Commissioner has been criticised by civil society for rolling back environmental legislation in the face of right-wing pressure\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eUrsula von der Leyen’s cabinet have heard LVMH requests for simplification. The EU Commissioner has been criticised by civil society for rolling back environmental legislation in the face of right-wing pressure. European Commission / Creative Commons\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe EU’s Green Deal was a suite of landmark policies – including the EUDR – with the ultimate aim of lowering EU emissions by at least 50% by 2030. NGOs say\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/press-releases/total-dereliction-of-responsibility-free-pass-for-polluters-global-witness-reacts-to-csddd-omnibus-proposal/\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;simplification\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;is shorthand for gutting environmental legislation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMeeting notes obtained by Global Witness show that one meeting between LVMH and the Commission concluded \\u0026#8220;LVMH and the Commission share the vision that there is a need for regulatory burden reduction and implementable regulations.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eOur investigators sent multiple requests to the Commission to confirm LVMH has not used these meetings to ask the EU to weaken the EUDR, but did not receive a substantive response.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLVMH did not provide details on what aspect of the EU Green Deal it discussed in these meetings. They also did not reply when our investigators asked whether LVMH supported Nuti’s work through UNIC to weaken the EUDR.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIt is legal\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.europarl.europa.eu/at-your-service/en/transparency/lobby-groups#:~:text=The%20Interinstitutional%20Agreement%20on%20a,read%20the%20annual%20reports%20here:\\\"\\u003eto lobby the EU Commission or Parliament\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;if the meetings are declared.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC did not reply to Global Witness’ request for comment.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eCOTANCE told Global Witness that many of its meetings in the EU were not related to lobbying on the EUDR, but declined to state which meetings or provide any further detail.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eThe EU’s green credentials on the line\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThis heavy lobbying has put pressure on the EUDR, with reliable sources indicating that it is likely that the EU Commission will open a consultation with a proposal to remove hides and other raw materials for leather-making from the EUDR product list.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness’s EU Senior Campaigner, Beate Beller, says: \\u0026#8220;As we approach the implementation of the EUDR, it is critical that the products covered remain firmly grounded in scientific evidence and environmental impact, rather than being weakened by carve-outs secured through intense industry pressure.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Stripping leather from the EUDR would introduce a glaring inconsistency: meat from cattle raised on deforested land would be prohibited, while the hide of that very same animal would still be able circulate the EU market freely.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Caving to lobbying pressure cracks the gate for more irresponsible businesses to weaken the laws protecting EU citizens, inviting further dilution and steadily eroding the integrity and credibility of EU policy-making.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"Cattle grazing on deforested land in Paraguay's Gran Chaco\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eCattle skins are used to make leather and are often grown on deforested lands – like these in the Gran Chaco. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLVMH’s own website openly recognises leather as a driver of deforestation. It stated in a 2024 press release at COP16 that it was planning\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.lvmh.com/en/news-lvmh/lvmh-takes-new-steps-to-strengthen-biodiversity-protection-at-cop16\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;zero sourcing\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;from areas at very high risk of deforestation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIt set a\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.lvmh.com/en/commitment-in-action/for-the-environment\\\"\\u003ezero-deforestation\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;target for 2025, yet Nuti’s heavy lobbying appears to be a direct contradiction of LVMH’s stated ambition of \\u0026#8220;raw materials sourced do not contribute to the degradation of natural forests.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eLVMH’s ties to deforestation\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eA closer look at Nuti’s business interests show why he is working so hard to gut the law – and why\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://statics.teams.cdn.office.net/evergreen-assets/safelinks/2/atp-safelinks.html\\\"\\u003ecampaigners say\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;any decision to exclude leather from the scope of the law would be an environmental disaster for Paraguay’s remaining forests.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFabrizio Nuti owns Parpelli, the major brand of tannery Lecom, situated on the outskirts of Asunción, Paraguay’s capital city. The tannery is dependent on purchases of raw hides from the country’s slaughterhouses, including those owned by two major conglomerates, Minerva Foods and Frigorífico Concepción.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIn 2024, Global Witness travelled to Paraguay and showed how both Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción purchase from cattle farms responsible for 75,000 hectares (ha) of deforestation between 2021-2023, including on lands claimed by the Ayoreo Totobiegosode Indigenous People.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFor this report, our investigators used satellite data to update our analysis to explore whether there had been more deforestation on the same farms since 2023.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWe found an estimated 36,000 ha of deforestation on these farms since our last report, which added up to 110,000 ha of deforestation in the Chaco on farms selling to Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción since 2021.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eDeforestation on lands overlapping with land claimed by the Totobiegosode has continued, despite the Inter-American Human Rights Commission granting protected status to the area in 2016.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAlthough Global Witness cannot confirm that hides from cattle reared on these specific farms have been purchased by Lecom/Parpelli, purchasing hides from these companies exposes them to vast deforestation across the northern Chaco.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eAny hides that entered the EU from this land would be illegal under the EUDR from 2027 – assuming that leather’s raw materials are not removed from the scope of the law.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe area of deforestation for new cattle farms \\u0026#8211; which Nuti is at high risk of purchasing from \\u0026#8211; is equivalent to an area larger than the size of Paris.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-embed\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\\\"\\u003e\\nhttps://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/7H9w1/3\\n\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe total area of deforestation in the Chaco is also likely to be an underestimate. Neither\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://minervafoods.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/6242i-25-Relatorio_PPA-Paraguai_Minerva_versao_final_v4-1_en-US_vf.pdf\\\"\\u003eMinerva\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;or Frigorífico Concepción have yet been able to map their indirect\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/the-supply-chain-linking-beef-to-amazon-deforestation-with-banks-backing/\\\"\\u003esupply chain\\u003c/a\\u003e, potentially exposing them to more deforestation from farms that sell on to other cattle farms, which in turn supply the slaughterhouses.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eParpelli and the associated hide supplier Lecom have exported high-deforestation risk hides worth $60 million to Italian tanneries since 2018 \\u0026#8211; which like Parpelli, is headed by Fabrizio Nuti.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eCOTANCE’s secretariat told Global Witness that since being acquired by LVMH in 2023, Nuti Ivo has a policy not to source hides from Latin America.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti Ivo appears to have removed a section on its website mentioning Parpelli and how the company plays a role in its “raw ingredient sourcing strategy” after Global Witness wrote to the company with our allegations.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eItalian import data analysed by our investigators also shows that one of Nuti Ivo’s tanneries Conceria Everest imported wet blue hides from Lecom/Parpelli as recently as December last year.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eCattle ranching – which provides skins for leathermaking – is the main driver of deforestation in the Gran Chaco. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti Ivo’s supply chain traceability shows major gaps when audited, revealing that the company does not appear to know where most of its hides come from.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNuti Ivo’s most recent Leather Working Group assessment shows that it can only trace\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.leatherworkinggroup.com/get-involved/our-community/certified-suppliers/conceria-nuti-ivo-spa-con028/\\\"\\u003e45% of its\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;hides to a specific slaughterhouse – let alone to individual farms. The specific Nuti Ivo tannery that purchases from Lecom/Parpelli – Conceria Everest – can trace an\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.leatherworkinggroup.com/get-involved/our-community/certified-suppliers/conceria-everest-srl-con060/\\\"\\u003eeven smaller percentage\\u003c/a\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFabrizio Nuti is also on the record saying that geolocalisation of hides – or 100% traceability – is a “\\u003ca href=\\\"https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2025-02/DFTD%20-chairs-summary-web%20%283%29.pdf\\\"\\u003enearly impossible task\\u003c/a\\u003e.”\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eUNIC also\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/en/raw-material/unic-mission-in-brazil-and-paraguay-to-talk-about-traceability/\\\"\\u003eled a mission to Paraguay\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;in February 2025 to meet with Lecom and Minerva. Leather industry media outlet\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cem\\u003eLa Conceria\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;(itself owned by UNIC)\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.laconceria.it/en/raw-material/unic-mission-in-brazil-and-paraguay-to-talk-about-traceability/\\\"\\u003ereported in its newsletter\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;that \\u0026#8220;it’s certain that there’s still work to be done, and that both Brazil and Paraguay’s supply chains would need more time to be fully compliant with EUDR requirements.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eWhat the companies said – and why “legally compliant” sourcing isn’t enough\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIn reply to Global Witness, Lecom/Parpelli \\u0026#8220;reaffirmed their commitment to sourcing from deforestation-free areas\\u0026#8221; but admitted it was complicated to demonstrate this commitment over large supply chains, as it requires coordination with multiple actors.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eLecom/Parpelli also told us that they had been in contact with the nonprofit conservation organisation National Wildlife Federation to improve their traceability systems.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eNWF told us in March 2026 they began initial conversations with the company “a few weeks ago, to support them in meeting international market requirements and to help regain access to the European market” through traceability, but were not a current client.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMinerva told Global Witness that it \\u0026#8220;recognizes that the longevity and success of its business depend on the sustainability of the ecosystems that support agricultural production,\\u0026#8221; highlighting that 100% of the company’s purchases were compliant with the Group’s Sustainability Policy.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eFrigorífico Concepción said the company \\u0026#8220;maintains a strong commitment to sustainability, due diligence, and transparency throughout its entire supply chain\\u0026#8221; and denied its operations drive deforestation in Paraguay.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eIt also reiterated the legality of its cattle sourcing and stated that it does not believe it is sourcing from lands owned by the Ayoreo Totobiegosode, according to the legal recognition of the lands by the Paraguayan government.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"A signpost to the Agroganadera Concepción cattle ranch, northern Paraguay\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eA sign in the Chaco points to a Frigorífico Concepción owned farm, where Global Witness identified significant deforestation in 2024. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness does not allege that the deforestation in Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción’s supply chain is illegal. Paraguay’s very weak environmental laws allow farms to deforest up to 75% of their properties legally. Pedro, who works for an environmental NGO in Paraguay, told us in 2024 Paraguay’s environmental law was \\u0026#8220;antiquated\\u0026#8221; and no longer fit for purpose.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWhatever the legal status of deforestation in the country, land use change for agriculture on this scale causes huge CO2 equivalent emissions and issues for local people.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eMinerva and Frigorífico Concepción contribute to this crisis by having policies to only rule out purchasing from areas of \\u0026#8220;illegal deforestation\\u0026#8221; only, which does nothing to disincentivise farmers to stop deforesting, as they know they will still be able to sell to the country’s main slaughterhouses.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eEarthsight and Global Witness’s previous reporting shows the continued failure of the Paraguayan government to uphold the integrity of Ayoreo Totobiegosode territory in line with the special protection given to the area by the Inter-American Human Rights Commission in 2016.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eA professor of human rights at Columbia University told Global Witness that corporations have obligations to protect human rights that go beyond national regulations, even when the State itself does not uphold these rights.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eWhy this matters for LVMH and other luxury brands: A message from the Chaco\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThere is a considerable risk that Nuti Ivo – and by extension LVMH, among other luxury brands – may still be purchasing hides or leather from deforested lands or deforestation overlapping with indigenous territories in Paraguay.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eThe findings of this investigation reflect a critical reality – talk on zero deforestation is cheap, but when regulation requires corporations to take real action to clean up their supply chains, the leather industry is using its power to maintain the status quo.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eGlobal Witness previously found that Paraguay’s Gran Chaco\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/the-price-of-beauty-popular-collagen-brands-drive-deforestation-and-rights-abuses-in-paraguay/\\\"\\u003ecould be lost completely\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;within 50 years if current rates of deforestation continue. The European law UNIC and COTANCE are fighting so hard to weaken is crucial to driving real change in Paraguay and finally forcing companies like Lecom/Parpelli, Minerva and Frigorífico Concepción to address deforestation in their supply chains.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\"\\u003e\\u003cimg decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/head-of-louis-vuitton-tannery-leads-fight-to-gut-eu-deforestation-law/undefined\\\" alt=\\\"deforestation in Paraguay Field\\\"/\\u003e\\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\"\\u003eThe EUDR is vital for stopping agricultural deforestation, like this area of forest cleared for cattle ranching overlapping Ayoreo Totobiegosode indigenous territory in the Chaco in recent years. Global Witness\\u003c/figcaption\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cblockquote class=\\\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\\\"\\u003e\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003ePeople who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003c/blockquote\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eTotobiegosode campaigner, Guede\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWithout it, deforestation will continue apace. The world would lose a critical carbon sink and, crucially, Indigenous Peoples like the Ayoreo Totobiegosode could lose their home and spiritual connection to\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cem\\u003eEami.\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Eami\\u0026#8221; is simultaneously the Ayoreo word for forest, territory and the group’s worldview,\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"https://www.iniciativa-amotocodie.org/el-chaco/territorio-ayoreo/\\\"\\u003eincluding\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026#8220;flora, fauna and all their surroundings, of which the people are part.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003eWe asked Totobiegosode campaigner Guede what he thought of companies like LVMH trying to weaken laws that will help his people and the forest.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;I believe that people who run businesses that want to destroy environmental laws should think of the Indigenous communities who live among nature every day.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\"\\u003e\\u0026#8220;Companies that buy meat or leather from deforested land do not respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples, and should not proceed in this way.\\u0026#8221;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\n\\n\\n\\u003cfigure class=\\\"wp-block-video\\\"\\u003e\\u003cvideo height=\\\"1280\\\" style=\\\"aspect-ratio: 720 / 1280;\\\" width=\\\"720\\\" controls src=\\\"https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/70738966714743cda205a3722c3feca3.mp4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/video\\u003e\\u003c/figure\\u003e\"}}],\"version\":\"2.30.0\"}",33,"Buat catatan and",1783173112,"https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/8830b894e83a45819e5af46d456bf863.png","test-id-cms-147",162,1783176369,{"id":122,"author":93,"title":123,"content":124,"classTypeId":125,"classTypeName":126,"publishTime":127,"coverImg":5,"pageTitle":5,"slug":5,"permalink":122,"authorAvatar":105,"authorBio":5,"createBy":11,"updateDate":128},"2071537694387453952","test new","{\"time\":1782971082873,\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"Rx0vadsBX4\",\"type\":\"header\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"test 1\",\"level\":1},\"tunes\":{\"alignmentTune\":{\"alignment\":\"left\"},\"headerNumberingTune\":{\"enabled\":false}}}],\"version\":\"2.31.6\"}",39,"Teknologi",1782782170,1783172973,{"id":130,"author":111,"title":131,"content":132,"classTypeId":114,"classTypeName":115,"publishTime":133,"coverImg":134,"pageTitle":5,"slug":5,"permalink":135,"authorAvatar":57,"authorBio":5,"createBy":119,"updateDate":136},"2073299338911215616","test id one two","{\"time\":1783168547971,\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"8501916d20\",\"type\":\"raw\",\"data\":{\"fallbackHtml\":\"\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Be inspired and informed by these climate crisis documentaries, from calls to protect our dwindling seas and oceans to reasons to feel climate optimism and hope\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\">\u003Cem>Yanuni\u003C/em>\u003C/h2>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Stunningly cinematic footage through the Amazon follows Juma Xipaia as she strives to protect her people’s land over many years, from Glasgow’s COP through to Brazilian elections and the establishment of the Ministry of Indigenous Peoples.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Yanuni film trailer\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">This is juxtaposed with her love story with husband Hugo Loss, who works at Brazil’s environmental protection agency IBAMA, scouting illegal mining operations throughout the Amazon from helicopter and boat, setting dredgers and planes ablaze.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003Cem>Yanuni\u003C/em> was shortlisted for Best Feature Documentary in the 98th Academy Awards – the Oscars in 2026 – in a fantastic recognition of this vital film.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003Cem>Lucy Fulford and Jasmin Qureshi, Multimedia Leads\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\">\u003Cem>Mossville: When Great Trees Fall\u003C/em>\u003C/h2>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Words really fall short in describing how powerful the story of \u003Ca href=\\\"http://www.mossvilleproject.com/\\\">\u003Cem>Mossville\u003C/em>\u003C/a> is. It’s one you have to see for yourself.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Described as “the material toxicity of racism” by the \u003Cem>New York Times\u003C/em>, and with William J Barber III saying that “the story of Mossville is the story of America,” the film tells the story of Mossville, Louisiana – a once-thriving community founded by formerly enslaved and free people-of-colour, and an economically flourishing safe haven for generations of African-American families.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Today it’s a breeding ground for petrochemical plants and their toxic black clouds.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">The film follows one man who refuses to abandon his family’s land, despite prolonged exposure to contamination, pollution and destruction that forced the rest of the community out.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Yet it’s also a story that connects the struggle for environmental justice from Louisiana to South Africa and beyond, where communities time and again face the toxic fallout from the massive corporate power of polluting industries.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">The UN Human Rights Office hosted a virtual screening of the film to kick off the 28th Session on Environmental Justice, the Climate Crisis, and People of African Descent.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Check out how you can see the film and support the project: mossvilleproject.com\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003Cem>Julieta Biegner, US Communications and Campaigns Officer\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\",\"fallbackText\":\"Be inspired and informed by these climate crisis documentaries, from calls to protect our dwindling seas and oceans to reasons to feel climate optimism and hope\\nYanuni\\nStunningly cinematic footage through the Amazon follows Juma Xipaia as she strives to protect her people’s land over many years, from Glasgow’s COP through to Brazilian elections and the establishment of the Ministry of Indigenous Peoples.\\nYanuni film trailer\\nThis is juxtaposed with her love story with husband Hugo Loss, who works at Brazil’s environmental protection agency IBAMA, scouting illegal mining operations throughout the Amazon from helicopter and boat, setting dredgers and planes ablaze.\\nYanuni was shortlisted for Best Feature Documentary in the 98th Academy Awards – the Oscars in 2026 – in a fantastic recognition of this vital film.\\nLucy Fulford and Jasmin Qureshi, Multimedia Leads\\nMossville: When Great Trees Fall\\nWords really fall short in describing how powerful the story of Mossville is. It’s one you have to see for yourself.\\nDescribed as “the material toxicity of racism” by the New York Times, and with William J Barber III saying that “the story of Mossville is the story of America,” the film tells the story of Mossville, Louisiana – a once-thriving community founded by formerly enslaved and free people-of-colour, and an economically flourishing safe haven for generations of African-American families.\\nToday it’s a breeding ground for petrochemical plants and their toxic black clouds.\\nThe film follows one man who refuses to abandon his family’s land, despite prolonged exposure to contamination, pollution and destruction that forced the rest of the community out.\\nYet it’s also a story that connects the struggle for environmental justice from Louisiana to South Africa and beyond, where communities time and again face the toxic fallout from the massive corporate power of polluting industries.\\nThe UN Human Rights Office hosted a virtual screening of the film to kick off the 28th Session on Environmental Justice, the Climate Crisis, and People of African Descent.\\nCheck out how you can see the film and support the project: mossvilleproject.com\\nJulieta Biegner, US Communications and Campaigns Officer\",\"html\":\"\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Be inspired and informed by these climate crisis documentaries, from calls to protect our dwindling seas and oceans to reasons to feel climate optimism and hope\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\">\u003Cem>Yanuni\u003C/em>\u003C/h2>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Stunningly cinematic footage through the Amazon follows Juma Xipaia as she strives to protect her people’s land over many years, from Glasgow’s COP through to Brazilian elections and the establishment of the Ministry of Indigenous Peoples.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Yanuni film trailer\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">This is juxtaposed with her love story with husband Hugo Loss, who works at Brazil’s environmental protection agency IBAMA, scouting illegal mining operations throughout the Amazon from helicopter and boat, setting dredgers and planes ablaze.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003Cem>Yanuni\u003C/em> was shortlisted for Best Feature Documentary in the 98th Academy Awards – the Oscars in 2026 – in a fantastic recognition of this vital film.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003Cem>Lucy Fulford and Jasmin Qureshi, Multimedia Leads\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\">\u003Cem>Mossville: When Great Trees Fall\u003C/em>\u003C/h2>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Words really fall short in describing how powerful the story of \u003Ca href=\\\"http://www.mossvilleproject.com/\\\">\u003Cem>Mossville\u003C/em>\u003C/a> is. It’s one you have to see for yourself.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Described as “the material toxicity of racism” by the \u003Cem>New York Times\u003C/em>, and with William J Barber III saying that “the story of Mossville is the story of America,” the film tells the story of Mossville, Louisiana – a once-thriving community founded by formerly enslaved and free people-of-colour, and an economically flourishing safe haven for generations of African-American families.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Today it’s a breeding ground for petrochemical plants and their toxic black clouds.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">The film follows one man who refuses to abandon his family’s land, despite prolonged exposure to contamination, pollution and destruction that forced the rest of the community out.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Yet it’s also a story that connects the struggle for environmental justice from Louisiana to South Africa and beyond, where communities time and again face the toxic fallout from the massive corporate power of polluting industries.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">The UN Human Rights Office hosted a virtual screening of the film to kick off the 28th Session on Environmental Justice, the Climate Crisis, and People of African Descent.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Check out how you can see the film and support the project: mossvilleproject.com\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003Cem>Julieta Biegner, US Communications and Campaigns Officer\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\",\"text\":\"\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Be inspired and informed by these climate crisis documentaries, from calls to protect our dwindling seas and oceans to reasons to feel climate optimism and hope\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\">\u003Cem>Yanuni\u003C/em>\u003C/h2>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Stunningly cinematic footage through the Amazon follows Juma Xipaia as she strives to protect her people’s land over many years, from Glasgow’s COP through to Brazilian elections and the establishment of the Ministry of Indigenous Peoples.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Yanuni film trailer\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">This is juxtaposed with her love story with husband Hugo Loss, who works at Brazil’s environmental protection agency IBAMA, scouting illegal mining operations throughout the Amazon from helicopter and boat, setting dredgers and planes ablaze.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003Cem>Yanuni\u003C/em> was shortlisted for Best Feature Documentary in the 98th Academy Awards – the Oscars in 2026 – in a fantastic recognition of this vital film.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003Cem>Lucy Fulford and Jasmin Qureshi, Multimedia Leads\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Ch2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\">\u003Cem>Mossville: When Great Trees Fall\u003C/em>\u003C/h2>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Words really fall short in describing how powerful the story of \u003Ca href=\\\"http://www.mossvilleproject.com/\\\">\u003Cem>Mossville\u003C/em>\u003C/a> is. It’s one you have to see for yourself.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Described as “the material toxicity of racism” by the \u003Cem>New York Times\u003C/em>, and with William J Barber III saying that “the story of Mossville is the story of America,” the film tells the story of Mossville, Louisiana – a once-thriving community founded by formerly enslaved and free people-of-colour, and an economically flourishing safe haven for generations of African-American families.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Today it’s a breeding ground for petrochemical plants and their toxic black clouds.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">The film follows one man who refuses to abandon his family’s land, despite prolonged exposure to contamination, pollution and destruction that forced the rest of the community out.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Yet it’s also a story that connects the struggle for environmental justice from Louisiana to South Africa and beyond, where communities time and again face the toxic fallout from the massive corporate power of polluting industries.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">The UN Human Rights Office hosted a virtual screening of the film to kick off the 28th Session on Environmental Justice, the Climate Crisis, and People of African Descent.\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">Check out how you can see the film and support the project: mossvilleproject.com\u003C/p>\\n\\n\\n\\n\u003Cp class=\\\"wp-block-paragraph\\\">\u003Cem>Julieta Biegner, US Communications and Campaigns Officer\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\"}},{\"id\":\"YalDnx0_Fy\",\"type\":\"image\",\"data\":{\"file\":{\"url\":\"https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/803ef6b51069422ba2b4518435aa6883.jpeg\"},\"caption\":\"\",\"mediaLibrary\":{\"source\":\"mediaLibrary\",\"mediaId\":88,\"refKey\":\"1783168478828\",\"mediaType\":\"image\",\"url\":\"https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/803ef6b51069422ba2b4518435aa6883.jpeg\",\"coverUrl\":null,\"name\":\"591d7e2ddbcb101bbb4764286b8e9bd7\",\"fileName\":\"591d7e2ddbcb101bbb4764286b8e9bd7.jpeg\",\"alt\":null,\"description\":null,\"displayText\":null,\"languages\":[{\"langCode\":\"id\",\"name\":\"591d7e2ddbcb101bbb4764286b8e9bd7\",\"alt\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"displayText\":\"\"},{\"langCode\":\"zh_CN\",\"name\":\"\",\"alt\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"displayText\":\"\"},{\"langCode\":\"en\",\"name\":\"\",\"alt\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"displayText\":\"\"}]}},\"tunes\":{\"alignmentTune\":{\"alignment\":\"left\"}}}],\"version\":\"2.31.6\"}",1783148057,"https://hl-file.8kds.com/admin/b355009f5dc1493b885b4779bc3bb50e.webp","test-id-one-two-cms-130",1783172521,10,[]]